Table 1.
Characteristics of 586 pediatric patients with CKD in the CKiD study
| Characteristica | CKiD (Overall) | CKiD GFR Categories, ml/min per 1.73 m2 |
Pb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50 (n = 211) | ≥40 to <50 (n = 131) | ≥30 to <40 (n = 137) | <30 (n = 107) | |||
| Age, years | 11 [7, 14] | 11 [7, 15] | 11 [8, 14] | 11 [7, 14] | 12 [8, 14] | 0.50 |
| Male | 62% (364) | 62% (131) | 60% (78) | 66% (90) | 61% (65) | 0.88 |
| Race | <0.01c | |||||
| Caucasian | 66% (384) | 55% (117) | 70% (92) | 74% (101) | 69% (74) | |
| black | 23% (137) | 33% (69) | 21% (27) | 15% (20) | 20% (21) | |
| multiracial or other | 11% (65) | 12% (25) | 9% (12) | 12% (16) | 11% (12) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 15% (85) | 12% (24) | 12% (16) | 21% (28) | 16% (17) | 0.05 |
| Height percentile | 24 [7, 54] | 36 [12, 64] | 22 [6, 47] | 25 [7, 52] | 11 [3, 41] | <0.01 |
| Weight percentile | 46 [18, 79] | 59 [30, 85] | 45 [17, 73] | 44 [14, 77] | 22 [6, 58] | <0.01 |
| BMI ≥90th percentile | 24% (134) | 29% (57) | 22% (28) | 24% (31) | 17% (18) | 0.03 |
| BMI <15th percentile | 10% (55) | 25% (14) | 16% (9) | 25% (14) | 33% (18) | <0.01 |
| Height velocity, percentile/year | 0.1 [−4.5, 5.5] | 0.3 [−5.7, 6.0] | 0.0 [−4.4, 5.7] | −0.1 [−5.7, 5.8] | 0.3 [−2.8, 4.1] | 0.51 |
| Growth failure (height < 3rd percentile) | 16% (90) | 8% (17) | 16% (21) | 18% (23) | 28% (29) | <0.01 |
| Primary CKD diagnosis | 0.94 | |||||
| glomerular | 22% (129) | 25% (52) | 15% (20) | 23% (32) | 23% (25) | |
| nonglomerular | 78% (457) | 75% (159) | 85% (111) | 77% (105) | 77% (82) | |
| Medication use | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor | 48% (283) | 33% (92) | 23% (65) | 23% (64) | 22% (62) | 0.02 |
| iron supplement | 29% (172) | 24% (42) | 19% (32) | 30% (52) | 27% (46) | <0.01 |
| alkaline therapy | 29% (171) | 18% (31) | 18% (31) | 37% (63) | 27% (46) | <0.01 |
| ESA | 14% (80) | 10% (8) | 13% (10) | 30% (24) | 48% (38) | <0.01 |
| growth hormone | 12% (72) | 8% (6) | 19% (14) | 39% (28) | 33% (24) | <0.01 |
| ARBs | 11% (64) | 33% (21) | 20% (13) | 23% (15) | 23% (15) | 0.15 |
| lipid-lowering | 3% (18) | 11% (2) | 2% (3) | 4% (5) | 7% (8) | <0.01 |
Data presented as median [IQR] or % (n). CKD, chronic kidney disease; CKiD; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study; BMI, body mass index; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IQR, interquartile range.
Missing data: n = 8 missing Hispanic ethnicity; n = 16 missing height percentile; n = 28 missing BMI ≥90th percentile; n = 28 missing BMI <15th percentile; n = 31 missing height velocity; n = 16 missing height <3rd percentile.
P values for trend determined using nonparametric Cuzick test for continuous variables and Cochran–Armitage test for dichotomous variables.
P value based on Caucasian versus non-Caucasian comparison.