Figure 2.

Continuous relationships of the percent emphysema to left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume in current smokers, past smokers, and never smokers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Multivariate relationships of the percent emphysema to left ventricular end-diastolic volume in current, former, and never smokers. Straight lines = smoothed regression lines adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, body surface area, pack-years, urine cotinine, educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, computed tomography scanner type, and milliampere dose. Dotted lines = 95% confidence intervals. Dots = predicted + residual values. (Reprinted with permission from Reference 47).