Table 1.
Comparison of subjects with and without criminal charges in the 2 years after initiation of office-based buprenorphine treatment
| Characteristic | Criminal charges (N = 97) | No criminal charges (N = 155) | Χ2, df | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age (range) | 40 (20-56) | 41 (18-67) | 0.770b | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 56 (57.7%) | 86 (55.5%) | 0.12, 1 | 0.726 |
| Female | 41 (42.3%) | 69 (44.5%) | ||
| Insurance | ||||
| Commercial | 38 (39.2%) | 66 (42.6%) | 0.29, 1 | 0.593 |
| Medicaid | 36 (37.1%) | 53 (34.2%) | 0.22, 1 | 0.637 |
| Medicare | 19 (19.6%) | 23 (14.8%) | 0.04, 1 | 0.839 |
| None | 4 (4.1%) | 4 (2.6%) | 0.46, 1 | 0.497 |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Employed | 38 (39.2%) | 75 (48.4%) | 2.07, 1 | 0.153 |
| Unemployed | 31 (32.0%) | 43 (27.7%) | 0.51, 1 | 0.457 |
| Disabled | 28 (28.9%) | 37 (23.9%) | 0.78, 1 | 0.378 |
| Abused Substances | ||||
| Heroin | 90 (92.8%) | 119 (76.8%) | 10.81, 1 | 0.001 |
| Opioid Rx | 15 (15.5%) | 57 (36.8%) | 13.28, 1 | < 0.001 |
| Cocaine | 58 (59.8%) | 76 (49.0%) | 0.003, 1 | 0.096 |
| Alcohol | 16 (16.5%) | 26 (16.8%) | 2.78,1 | 0.954 |
| Benzodiazepines | 8 (8.2%) | 15 (9.7%) | 0.15, 1 | 0.701 |
| Recent opioid maintenance treatment | 18 (18.6%) | 50 (32.3%) | 5.69, 1 | 0.017 |
| IDU | 67 (69.1%) | 85 (54.8%) | 5.05, 1 | 0.025 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| HIV | 14 (14.4%) | 22 (14.2%) | 0.003, 1 | 0.958 |
| HCV | 58 (59.8%) | 67 (43.2%) | 6.55, 1 | 0.010 |
| Psychiatric | 102 (51.3%) | 23 (43.4%) | 1.60, 1 | 0.309 |
| Chronic Pain | 35 (17.6%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.82, 1 | 0.596 |
| Any prior criminal charges | 97 (100%) | 105 (67.7%) | 39.04, 1 | < 0.001 |
| Median number of prior criminal cases (range) | 9 (1-43) | 1 (0-25) | < 0.001b | |
| Any criminal charges in past 2 years | 62 (63.9%) | 46 (29.7%) | 28.56, 1 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 6 opioid-negative mos. | 34 (35.1%) | 83 (53.5%) | 8.21, 1 | 0.004 |
| 12 mos. in treatment | 46 (47.4%) | 93 (60.0%) | 3.82, 1 | 0.051 |
IDU: injection drug use, HCV: hepatitis C infection, HIV: human immunodeficiency virus infection, df: degrees of freedom
a Pearson chi-square test unless otherwise indicated; b Mann Whitney U test