Table 3.

Associations of Selected Variables with Depression

Measure	Depression
	Yes		No
	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	p valuea
Sociodemographic
Age	42.0	(9.5)	41.8	(10.6)	.889
Education	11.4	(2.2)	11.7	(1.5)	.386
Race/Ethnicity:	N	%	N	%	p value
White/AA/Other Latino	48	76.2	54	57.5	.016
Any Children	41	65.1	58	63.0	.796
Family/Childhood
Low-income Family	19	30.2	15	16.0	.034
Poor Relationship w/parents	17	27.0	13	13.8	.040
Not Close Family	31	49.2	27	28.7	.009
Childhood Sexual Abuse	20	31.8	5	5.3	.001
Childhood Physical Abuse	33	52.4	15	16.0	.001
Childhood Verbal Abuse	42	66.7	32	34.0	.001
Childhood Problems	39	61.9	26	27.7	.001
Poor Self-Esteem as Teen	31	49.2	18	19.2	.001
Physical Health
Fair/Poor Health	24	38.7	13	14.1	.001
Any Hospitalization for Physical Health	40	63.5	40	42.6	.010
Lifetime Symptoms/Problemsc
Violent Behaviors	36	57.1	18	19.2	.001
Hallucinations	21	33.3	5	5.3	.001
Serious Learning Difficulties	20	31.8	10	10.6	.001
Cognitive Difficultiesd	44	69.8	25	26.6	.001
Serious Drug Use Evere
Cocaine	44	73.3	55	59.1	.073
Methamphetamine	35	58.3	40	43.0	.064
Hallucinogens	36	60.0	39	41.9	.029
Binge Alcohol Use	31	51.7	30	32.3	.017
Substance Treatment
Any Nonresidential Alcohol Treatment	15	23.8	3	3.2	.001
Psychosocial Measures
Self-Esteem	11.0	4.9	16.1	3.8	.001
Social Support:
Emotion	3.0	1.0	3.5	1.2	.007
Affection	3.2	1.2	3.5	1.3	.210
Tangible	3.1	1.1	3.4	1.3	.112
Positive Interaction	3.1	1.1	3.5	1.2	.030
Coping:
Active	3.0	0.8	3.2	0.7	.035
Denial	2.3	0.9	1.7	0.9	.001
Blame	3.0	1.0	2.5	1.0	.001
Disengagement	2.4	0.9	1.6	0.8	.001
Instrumental Support	2.5	0.9	3.1	0.9	.001
Religious	2.7	1.1	3.0	1.1	.151

^aBased on chi-square or two sample t tests

^bIncludes 5 Latinos from non-Mexican backgrounds

^cNot directly resulting from alcohol or drug use

^dTrouble understanding, concentrating or remembering

^eFour participants did not answer questions about use of individual drugs