Table 1.
Retinal abnormalities in patients with CKD 3 to 5 or CKD 1 to 2
| Retinal Abnormalities | CKD Stages 1 to 2 (n = 150) | CKD Stage 3 (n = 48) | CKD Stage 4 (n = 40) | CKD Stage 5 (n = 62) | CKD Stages 3 to 5 (n = 150) | OR, CI, P (CKD stages 3 to 5 compared with CKD stages 1 to 2) | P for Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microvascular retinopathy | 66 (44%) | 25 (52%) | 30 (75%) | 46 (74%) | 101 (67%) | 2.62, 1.64 to 4.20, <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Moderate-severe microvascular retinopathy | 19 (13%) | 12 (25%) | 18 (45%) | 29 (47%) | 59 (39%) | 4.47, 2.50 to 8.00, <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Any diabetic retinopathy | 16 (11%) | 9 of 47 (19%) | 14 (35%) | 18 (29%) | 41 of 149 (28%) | 3.18, 1.69 to 5.98, <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 2 (1%) | 2 of 47 (4%) | 8 (20%) | 8 (13%) | 18 of 149 (12%) | 10.17, 2.32 to 44.65, <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Macular degeneration | 43 of 148 (29%) | 18 of 45 (40%) | 23 of 36 (64%) | 21 of 59 (36%) | 62 of 140 (44%) | 1.94, 1.19 to 3.16, 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Severe macular degeneration (grades 4 to 5) | 1 of 148 (1%) | 3 of 45 (7%) | 3 of 36 (8.3%) | 4 of 59 (6.8%) | 10 of 140 (7%) | 11.31, 1.43 to 89.54, <0.01 | 0.02 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.