Table 1.
Survey Results for Comparisons Between Groups Using General Linear Models Controlling for Baseline Covariates: Diabetes Duration, Frequency of Blood Glucose Monitoring, Insulin Modality, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
| |
Youth (n=28) |
Parent (n=28) |
Adult (n=21) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BGM (n=12) | CGM (n=16) | BGM (n=12) | CGM (n=16) | BGM (n=9) | CGM (n=12) | |
| A1C | ||||||
| At baseline | 7.6±0.4 | 7.6±0.7 | NA | NA | 7.6±1.1 | 7.7±0.7 |
| At 6 months | 7.5±0.6 | 7.5±1.0 | NA | NA | 7.8±1.0 | 7.1±0.9 |
| Fear of hypoglycemia | 15.8±12.2 | 17.9±14.1 | 23.1±17.2 | 18.8±20.0 | 24.8±12.2 | 32.0±8.3 |
| Negative affect around BGM | 11.4±5.4 | 14.0±6.2a | 13.7±5.2 | 15.8±6.0a | 11.2±5.0 | 14.6±3.4a |
| Diabetes-specific family conflict | 25.9±10.3 | 24.9±11.8 | 22.9±5.4 | 24.4±6.3 | NA | NA |
| Diabetes-related burden | NA | NA | 48.1±28.6 | 52.4±33.1 | 31.5±29.6 | 14.5±20.1 |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| State | 29.4±6.1 | 29.1±7.0 | 34.5±17.8 | 36.1±20.6 | 35.6±13.7 | 25.9±7.9a |
| Trait | 32.3±8.8 | 36.0±10.2a | 36.5±16.6 | 38.4±19.2 | 41.1±13.3 | 28.5±7.7b |
| Depression (CDI; CDI-P) | 3.8±4.3 | 5.1±5.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Depression (CES-D) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12.0±12.5 | 6.9±8.5 |
| Quality of life | 78.8±18.4 | 74.5±21.3 | 74.7±19.0 | 73.0±22.1 | ||
| Physical subscale | 57.2±5.6 | 54.8±3.8 | ||||
| Mental subscale | 39.6±19.0 | 49.5±12.9 | ||||
| Parent proxy measures | ||||||
| Anxiety | 42.2±12.0 | 46.8±13.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Depression | 8.4±8.1 | 13.1±9.4b | ||||
a
P≤0.1, bP≤0.05.
A1C, hemoglobin A1C; BGM, blood glucose monitoring; CDI and CDI-P, Children's Depression Inventory and Children's Depression Inventory-Parent, respectively; CES-D, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; NA, not applicable.