Table 1.
Anti–Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Anti–Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Activity of Apple Pomace Extracts and Standards of Identified Metabolites
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Antiviral activity |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Cytotoxicity CC50 (μg/mL) | Anti–HSV-1 EC50 (μg/mL) | SI | Anti–HSV-2 EC50 (μg/mL) | SI |
| Pomace M | 11,827±1852 | 946.9±19.1 | 12.5 | 757.0±60.8 | 15.6 |
| Pomace DR | 15,251±3503 | 1012±186 | 15.1 | 541.8±59.1 | 28.1 |
| Pomace C | 9466±260 | >1600 | <5.92 | 337.4±25.2 | 28.0 |
| Procyanidin B2 | 323.6±33.2 | 33.23±1.33 | 9.74 | 24.22±1.2 | 13.4 |
| Quercitrin | 1211±17.3 | 560.9±31.6 | 2.16 | 514.3±34.2 | 2.35 |
| Isoquercitrin | 453.4±69.7 | >300 | <2 | >300 | <2 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 273.9±14.6 | >200 | <2 | >200 | <2 |
| Cinnamic acid | 550.3±12.7 | >400 | <2 | >400 | <2 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 328.2±60.3 | >200 | <2 | >200 | <2 |
| Cafeic acid | 80.36±7.75 | >50 | <2 | >50 | <2 |
| Phloridzin | >1000 | >500 | N/D | >500 | N/D |
| Hyperin | >1000 | >500 | N/D | >500 | N/D |
| ACV | 1454±120 | 0.9±0.01 | 1615 | 0.8±0.12 | 1817 |
Data are presented as the mean values from three independent experiments with their standard deviations. ACV served as positive control.
CC50, mean cytotoxic concentration; HSV, herpes simplex virus type; EC50, mean effective concentration; SI, selectivity index; M, Meana; DR, De la Riega; C, Carrió; N/D, not determined; ACV, acyclovir.