Skip to main content
. 2012 May 13;2012:831292. doi: 10.1155/2012/831292

Table 1.

Performance of PCR-based assays for the diagnosing TBM.

Author Reported year Assay technique Specimens and cases % Sensitivity % Specificity Reference
Commercially available
NAA assays
Bonington et al. 1998 Roche amplicor PCR 83 CSF/69 patients (40 TBM, 29 non-TBM): South Africa 60 100 [6]
Lang et al. 1998 Modified Gen-Probe MTD 84 CSF and children (24 TBM, 60 non-TBM): Dominica 83 100 [7]
Bonington et al. 2000 Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR 83 CSF/69 patients (40 TBM, 29 non-TBM): South Africa 17.5 100 [8]
Chedore and Jamieson 2002 Gen-Frobe MTD 311 CSF: Canada 93.8 99.3 [9]
Pai et al. 2003 Review and Meta-Analysis 14 studies with commercial NAA assays 56 98 [10]
Thwaites et al. 2004 Gen-Probe MTD 341 CSF/152 patients (73 TBM, 79 non TBM): Vietnam 38 99 [11]
Cloud et a1. 2004 Modified Gen-Probe MTD 27 CSF specimens spiked with M. tuberculosis 17–100 100 [12]

Other PCR-based assays
Kaneko et al. 1990 MPT64 single PCR 26 CSF and patients (6 TBM, 20 non-TBM): Japan 83.3 100 [13]
Shanker et al. 1991 MFT64 single PCR 85 CSF and patients (34 TBM, 51 non-TBM): India 65 88 [14]
Donald et a1. 1993 IS6110 single PCR 43 CSF/20 TBM chidren: South Africa 80 [15]
Lee et al. 1994 IS6110/65kDa antigen/MFT64 Single FCR 27 CSF and patients (6 TBM, 21 non-TBM): Singapore 100/83/83 38/67/90 [16]
Liu et al. 1994 MFT64 nested PCR 100 CSF and patients (21 TBM, 79 non-TBM): Taiwan 90 100 [17]
Folgueira et al. 1994 IS6110 single PCR 25 AIDS patients (11 TBM, 14 non-TBM): Spain 82 100 [18]
Scarpellini et al. 1995 IS6110 nested PCR 68 CSF/36 AIDS patients (12 TBM, 24 non-TBM): Italy 100 100 [19]
Lin et al. 1995 MFT64 single PCR 47 CSF/45 patients (18 TBM, 27 non-TBM): Taiwan 70 100 [20]
Kox et al. 1995 IS6110 single PCR 42 patients (24 TBM, 18 non-TBM): The Netherlands 48 100 [21]
Nguyen, et a1. 1996 IS6110 single PCR 136 TBM patients: Vietnam 32 100 [22]
Seth et a1. 1996 MFT64 single PCR 89 CSF and patients (40 TBM, 49 non-TBM): India 85 94 [23]
Wei et al. 1999 IS6110/65kDa antigen/MTF40 multiplex nested PCR 11 CSF and patients (5 TBM, 6 non-TBM): China 60 66 [24]
Caws et al. 2000 IS6110 nested PCR 131 TBM patients: United Kingdom 75 94 [25]
Martins et al. 2000 MFT64 nested FCR 73 specimens (30 PF, 26 PB, 17 CSF): Brazil 70 88 [26]
Brienza et al. 2001 MPT64 nested PCR 91 patients (41 TBM, 50 non-TBM): Brazil 53 100 [27]
Narayanan et al. 2001 IS6110/TRC4 single PCR 96 CSF and patients (67 TBM, 29 non-TBM): India 80.5/91 79/76 [28]
Desai et al. 2002 pKSIO single PCR 120 CSF and patients (105 TBM, 15 non-TBM): India 31 100 [29]
Rafi and Naghily 2003 Single PCR (target not available) 36 CSF and patients (29 TBM, 6 non-TBM): Iran 86.2 100 [30]
Kulkarni et a1. 2005 38 kDa protein single PCR 60 CSF and patients (30 TBM, 30 non-TBM): India 90 100 [31]
Takahashi et al. 2005 MPT64 nested PCR 29 CSF and patients (9 TBM, 20 non-TBM): Japan 100 100 [32]
Takahashi and Nakayama 2006 MPT64 QNRT-PCR 29 CSF and patients (9 TBM, 20 non-TBM): Japan 100 100 [33]
Quan et a1. 2006 IS61 10 single PCR 74 CSF and patients (25 TBM, 49 non-TBM): China 75 93.7 [34]
Desai et al. 2006 Single PCR (target not available) 57 CSF and patients (30 TBM, 27 non-TBM): India 66.7 100 [35]
Rafi et al. 2007 IS6110 single PCR, MPT64/65kDa antigen nested PCR 176 CSF and patients (75 TBM, 101 non-TBM): India 98/91/51 100/91/92 [36]
Rafi and Naghilys 2007 IS6110 uniplex (single) PCR 945 CSF and patients (677 TBM, 268 non-TBM): India 76.4 89.2 [37]
Takahashi et al. 2007 MPT64 QNRT-PCR 63 CSF/28 patients (8 TBM, 20 non-TBM): Japan 55.8 100 [38]
Deshpande et a1. 2007 IS6110 Single PCR 80 CSF and patients (51 TBM, 29 non-TBM): India 91.4 75.9 [39]
Takahashi et al. 2008 MPT64 WR-QNRT-PCR 96 CSF/53 patients (24 TBM, 29 non-TBM): Japan 95.8 100 [40, 41]
Haldar et al. 2009 devR qRT-PCR 167 CSF and patients (81 TBM, 86 non-TBM): India 87.6 92 [42]

NAA: nucleic acid amplification, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, PF: pleural fluids, PB: pleural biopsies, QNRT-PCR: quantitative nested real-time PCR,WR-QNRT-PCR: wide range quantitative nested real-time PCR, pRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR, : results versus culture as gold standard.