Table 2.
Percentage of indoor workers with smoke-free workplaces, and percentage of adults who favor bans on indoor smoking, by state preemption status, USA, 2001.
| Outcome | State Preemption Status | Percent (95 CI) | (P value)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indoor workers—work in a 100% smoke-free workplace | No Yes |
72.4 (72.0, 72.9) 69.1 (68.5, 69.7) |
(P = 0.06) |
| Never smokers—favor bans on smoking in indoor places | No Yes |
77.8 (77.4, 78.2) 72.6 (72.1, 73.2) |
(P = 0.12) |
| Current smokers—favor bans on smoking in indoor places | No Yes |
44.1 (43.3, 44.8) 35.6 (34.7, 36.5) |
(P = 0.02) |
| Former smokers—favor bans on smoking in indoor places | No Yes |
68.7 (68.0, 69.4) 62.8 (62.0, 63.7) |
(P = 0.06) |
| Overall—favors bans on smoking in indoor places | No Yes |
68.8 (62.8, 74.9) 62.2 (59.8, 64.6) |
(P = 0.05) |
a F-test for the hypothesis that average outcomes are the same in preemption and non-preemption states, as estimated from a multivariate hierarchical linear model. In addition to state preemption score, state-level covariates in the multivariate model include smoke-free score, funding for tobacco control programs, state cigarette excise tax, and US region. Individual-level covariates: age, gender, race, and marital status.