. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 4.

Published in final edited form as: Forum Health Econ Policy. 2012 Oct 4;14(2):11. doi: 10.2202/1558-9544.1237

Table A9.

Effects of parent/household investments on child development rate – second nested specification^a

Mean effects on development rate
OLS	3.83^*** (0.68)
	Area instrument	Area instrument with SES interaction	Caregiver availability instruments
2SLS	10.46^*** (3.43)	10.47^*** (3.4)	8.68^** (3.87) [1.94,17.73]
F Statistic	529.33^***	277.97^***	8.68^***
Over-identification Chi-square (1) [p value]	-	0.05 [p=0.83]	0.14 [p = 0.71]
Exogenous investment F(1,31)	4.56^**	4.62^**	1.69

Quantile effects on development rate
		Area instrument	Area instrument with SES interaction	Caregiver availability instruments
Quantile	QR		IVQR
0.1	4.82^*** (0.88)	13.64^*** (1.49)	13.63^*** (1.47)	17.0^*** (3.51) [0.94,43.39]
0.25	4.06^*** (0.56)	13.09^{*** (1.43)}	12.93^{*** (1.43)}	10.39^*** (2.85) [5.38,18.1]
0.5	3.24^*** (0.37)	9.44^*** (1.42)	8.65^*** (1.4)	5.12^* (2.67) [0.19,21.42]
0.75	2.46^*** (0.35)	5.11^*** (1.76)	4.51^*** (1.6)	4.24 (3.36) [−1.4,21.5]
0.9	1.69^*** (0.551)	4.08^** (1.92)	4.07^** (1.89)	6.73 (6.86) [−42.35,43.76]

Marginal effects on development risk status
Probit	−0.078^*** (0.02)
		Area instrument	Area instrument with SES interaction	Caregiver availability instruments
IV Probit		−0.251^*** (.052)	−0.252^*** (.051)	−0.243^*** (0.09)
Exogenous investment Chi-square (1)		15.95^***	16.61^***	3.11^*
Over-identification Chi-square (1) [p value]			0.136 [0.712]	1.078 [0.299]

^{*, ** and ***}

indicate p <0.1, <0.05 and <0.01, respectively.

Standard errors are in parentheses. 95% confidence bounds for 2SLS and IVQR that are robust for weak instruments are included in brackets. This child development specification includes only child’s ancestry, age and gender and country fixed effects in addition to investments.