Table A2.
OLS and 2SLS coefficients of the child development rate functiona
| OLS | 2SLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Area instrument | Area instrument with SES interaction | Caregiver availability instruments | ||
| Parental/household investment | 3.65*** (0.60) | 11.89*** (3.63) | 11.84*** (3.55) | 9.10** (4.21) |
| African ancestry | −5.27*** (1.27) | −3.72** (1.70) | −3.73** (1.71) | −4.25** (1.76) |
| Native ancestry | −4.20** (1.68) | −3.91** (1.77) | −3.91** (1.77) | −4.01** (1.71) |
| Socioeconomic status | 0.30 (0.33) | −1.17* (0.63) | −1.16* (0.62) | −0.67 (0.75) |
| Maternal mental health problems | −1.81 (1.26) | −1.28 (1.41) | −1.28 (1.41) | −1.46 (1.35) |
| Maternal chronic physical health problems | −1.68 (1.40) | −2.47 (1.65) | −2.46 (1.65) | −2.20 (1.62) |
| Maternal smoking during prenatal period | −1.58* (0.88) | −1.93** (0.93) | −1.93** (0.93) | −1.81** (0.85) |
| Child has private insurance | −1.57 (1.64) | −1.82 (1.53) | −1.82 (1.53) | −1.74 (1.57) |
| Maternal age | −0.62** (0.29) | −0.92*** (0.34) | −0.92*** (0.34) | −0.82** (0.36) |
| Maternal age squared | 0.01** (0.00) | 0.02*** (0.01) | 0.02*** (0.01) | 0.01** (0.01) |
| Mother is single | −3.56*** (1.08) | −3.60*** (0.96) | −3.60*** (0.96) | −3.59*** (0.96) |
| Mother is in a stable relationship | −1.39 (0.82) | −0.75 (0.93) | −0.76 (0.93) | −0.97 (0.82) |
| Child’s age in months | −0.33*** (0.09) | −1.10*** (0.34) | −1.09*** (0.34) | −0.84** (0.41) |
| Male child | −2.44*** (0.56) | −1.93*** (0.60) | −1.94*** (0.60) | −2.11*** (0.63) |
| Number of child’s siblings | −1.07*** (0.36) | −0.88** (0.38) | −0.89** (0.38) | −0.95*** (0.36) |
| Disabled sibling | −5.03** (2.41) | −4.40** (1.90) | −4.40** (1.90) | −4.61** (1.97) |
| Number of other household members | 0.45** (0.21) | 0.38* (0.21) | 0.38* (0.21) | 0.40* (0.21) |
| Brazil | −2.40 (2.42) | 1.67 (3.67) | 1.65 (3.65) | 0.29 (3.74) |
| Bolivia | −15.30 (9.93) | −17.64** (7.18) | −17.63** (7.22) | −16.85** (8.03) |
| Chile | −5.81* (3.19) | −6.91*** (2.18) | −6.91*** (2.18) | −6.54*** (2.36) |
| Ecuador | −5.94** (2.50) | −2.76 (3.58) | −2.78 (3.54) | −3.84 (3.37) |
| Constant | 20.08*** (5.08) | 31.83*** (6.23) | 31.76*** (6.22) | 27.85*** (8.37) |
*, ** and ***
indicate p <0.1, <0.05 and <0.01, respectively.
Standard errors are in parentheses.
a
Derived from the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopment Screener. Copyright @ 2004. Harcourt Assessment Inc. Used with Permission. All rights Reserved.