Table 3.
Hazard Ratios and Outcomes by Antihypertensive Treatment Group and Diabetic Status (defined at 2 years) – Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine, Lisinopril – adjustments are over all treatment groups combined
| Total Number of Events/Participants | Unadjusted 8-Year Risk per 100 Population (SE) [Adjusted rates in brackets] |
Adjusted HR (95% CI)* Compared with No Diabetes at Baseline or at Year 2 p value | Adjusted HR (95% CI)* Comparing Inc Diab with Diab BL p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Diab | Inc diab | Diab BL | No Diab | Inc diab | Diab BL | Inc diab | Diab BL | ||
| CVD mortality | |||||||||
| Total | 1,063/9,380 | 86/613 | 1,986/12,425 | 11.3(0.4) [8.7] |
13.8(1.5) [10.5] |
16.9(0.4) [15.5] |
1.21(0.94–1.55) P=.13 |
1.85(1.69–2.02) P<.001 |
0.66(0.52–0.85) 0=.001 |
| Chlorthalidone | 479/4,282 | 42/346 | 934/5,669 | 11.3(0.5) [8.9] |
11.6(1.8) [9.2] |
17.6(0.6) [15.8] |
1.04(0.74–1.47) P=.82 |
1.86(1.63–2.12) P<.001 |
0.57(0.40–0.80) P=.001 |
| Amlodipine | 305/2,578 | 26/153 | 551/3,422 | 11.6(0.7) [8.9] |
17.1(3.2) [13.4] |
16.6(0.7) [15.0] |
1.53(0.96–2.45) P=.07 |
1.74(1.47–2.07) P<.001 |
0.91(0.57–1.46) P=.70 |
| Lisinopril | 279/2,520 | 18/114 | 501/3,334 | 10.9(0.7) [8.3] |
16.5(3.7) [10.9] |
16.1(0.7) [15.2] |
1.33(0.76–2.34) P=.31 |
1.90(1.59–2.26) P<.001 |
0.69(0.39–1.20) P=.19 |
| Non-CVD mortality | |||||||||
| Total | 1,354/9,380 | 92/613 | 2,398/12,425 | 14.6(0.4) [11.8] |
15.1(1.6) [13.3] |
20.4(0.4) [19.9] |
1.14(0.90–1.43) P=27 |
1.77(1.64–1.92) P<.001 |
0.66(0.52–0.83) P<.001 |
| Chlorthalidone | 634/4,282 | 55/346 | 1,109/5,669 | 14.9(0.6) [12.0] |
15.3(2.1) [12.6] |
20.8(0.6) [19.1] |
1.05(0.77–1.42) P=76 |
1.66(1.47–1.86) P<.001 |
0.66(0.49–0.90) P=.007 |
| Amlodipine | 347/2,578 | 18/153 | 652/3,422 | 13.7(0.7) [11.3] |
12.6(2.9) [13.6] |
20.3(0.8) [20.7] |
1.22(0.74–1.99) P=.43 |
1.93(1.65–2.26) P<.001 |
0.63(0.39–1.04) P=.07 |
| Lisinopril | 373/2,520 | 19/114 | 637/3,334 | 15.0(0.8) [11.5] |
18.0(4.1) [14.4] |
19.9(0.8) [20.1] |
1.27(0.77–2.11) P=.35 |
1.84(1.57–2.14) P<.001 |
0.69(0.42–1.14) P=.14 |
| All-Cause Mortality | |||||||||
| Total | 2,477/9,380 | 182/613 | 4,564/12,425 | 24.8(0.5) [20.0] |
27.4(1.8) [23.0] |
35.0(0.4) [33.6] |
1.17(0.99–1.38) P=.07 |
1. 83(1.73–1.94) P<.001 |
0.65(0.55–0.77) P<.001 |
| Chlorthalidone | 1,142/4,282 | 98/346 | 2,126/5,669 | 25.1(0.7) [20.5] |
25.3(2.4) [21.1] |
35.9(0.7) [33.4] |
1.04(0.82–1.30) P=76 |
1.78(1.63–1.93) P<.001 |
0.60(0.48–0.75) P<.001 |
| Amlodipine | 671/2,578 | 47/153 | 1,250/3,422 | 24.4(0.9) [19.9] |
29.3(3.7) [26.7] |
34.6(0.9) [33.8] |
1.40(1.01–1.95) P=.045 |
1.86(1.66–2.08) P<.001 |
0.77(0.55–1.07) P=.12 |
| Lisinopril | 664/2,520 | 37/114 | 1,188/3,334 | 24.6(0.9) [19.3] |
31.5(4.6) [24.0] |
33.9(0.9) [33.5] |
1.28(0.88–1.86) P=.19 |
1.91(1.70–2.14) P<.001 |
0.66(0.45–0.96) P=.03 |
| Non-fatal MI + Fatal CHD | |||||||||
| Total | 655/5,803 | 63/359 | 1,230/8,003 | 12.6(0.5) [10.0] |
20.2(2.4) [14.3] |
18.2(0.5) [16.8] |
1.46(1.09–1.96) P=.01 |
1.75(1.56–1.95) P<.001 |
0.85(0.63–1.13) P=.26 |
| Chlorthalidone | 292/2,656 | 29/203 | 592/3,670 | 12.2(0.7) [9.9] |
16.5(3.0) [11.4] |
19.3(0.8) [17.2] |
1.18(0.77–1.81) P=.45 |
1.84(1.56–2.18) P<.001 |
0.65(0.42–0.99) P=.047 |
| Amlodipine | 193/1,600 | 19/98 | 347/2,205 | 13.3(1.0) [10.6] |
24.2(5.1) [14.4] |
18.3(1.0) [16.7] |
1.39(0.79–2.45) P=.26 |
1.63(1.32–2.01) P<.001 |
0.89(0.50–1.58) P=69 |
| Lisinopril | 170/1,547 | 15/58 | 291/2,128 | 12.4(1.0) [9.5] |
26.2(6.1) [22.7] |
16.2(0.9) [15.6] |
2.57(1.45–4.54) P=.001 |
1.68(1.34–2.10) P<.001 |
1.50(0.85–2.64) P=.17 |
| CVD | |||||||||
| Total | 1,434/5,717 | 112/351 | 2,655/7,732 | 27.2(0.7) [23.0] |
35.7(2.9) [28.3] |
39.2(0.6) [37.2] |
1.28(1.03–1.59) P=.03 |
1.81(1.68–1.96) P<.001 |
0.72(0.58–0.89) P=.003 |
| Chlorthalidone | 663/2,622 | 61/198 | 1,246/3,562 | 27.4(1.0) [22.8] |
34.2(3.8) [26.6] |
40.4(1.0) [37.5] |
1.22(0.91–1.64) P=.19 |
1.84(1.65–2.06) P<.001 |
0.67(0.50–0.90) P=.007 |
| Amlodipine | 413/1,577 | 31/97 | 746/2,113 | 27.9(1.3) [24.3] |
35.3(5.3) [28.9] |
38.9(1.2) [36.6] |
1.22(0.81–1.86) P=.34 |
1.69(1.46–1.95) P<.001 |
0.78(0.51–1.18) P=.24 |
| Lisinopril | 358/1,518 | 20/56 | 663/2,057 | 26.0(1.3) [22.0] |
40.9(7.4) [31.4] |
37.2(1.2) [37.2] |
1.52(0.92–2.51) P=.11 |
1.90(1.63–2.21) P<.001 |
0.81(0.49–1.34) P=.41 |
| Stroke | |||||||||
| Total | 458/5,875 | 38/360 | 888/8,051 | 9.1(0.4) [7.7] |
12.9(2.1) [9.3] |
13.9(0.5) [13.0] |
1.23(0.83–1.81) P=.31 |
1.74(1.52–2.00) P<.001 |
0.71(0.48–1.05) P=.09 |
| Chlorthalidone | 210/2,695 | 17/203 | 406/3,698 | 8.9(0.6) [7.0] |
9.5(2.3) [6.4] |
13.8(0.7) [12.6] |
0.91(0.49–1.67) P=76 |
1.85(1.51–2.26) P<.001 |
0.49(0.27–0.91) P=.02 |
| Amlodipine | 128/1,623 | 15/97 | 243/2,201 | 9.5(0.8) [8.0] |
18.1(4.5) [15.1] |
13.6(0.9) [12.2] |
1.95(1.04–3.65) P=04 |
1.62(1.25–2.10) P<.001 |
1.33(0.71–2.49) P=.37 |
| Lisinopril | 120/1,557 | 6/60 | 239/2,152 | 8.8(0.8) [8.0] |
15.7(6.2) [10.0] |
14.4(0.9) [13.7] |
1.27(0.52–3.11) P=.61 |
1.71(1.33–2.22) P<.001 |
0.69(0.28–1.69) P=.41 |
| Heart failure | |||||||||
| Total | 498/5,879 | 38/361 | 1,136/8,012 | 9.8(0.5) [7.9] |
13.0(2.2) [9.3] |
18.0(0.5) [15.4] |
1.24(0.86–1.80) P=.26 |
2.14(1.89–2.42) P<.001 |
0.58(0.40–0.84) P=.004 |
| Chlorthalidone | 230/2,700 | 27/206 | 518/3,691 | 9.7(0.7) [7.7] |
15.9(3.1) [10.2] |
18.3(0.8) [14.5] |
1.46(0.93–2.29) P=.10 |
2.03(1.69–2.43) P<.001 |
0.70(0.45–1.09) P=.11 |
| Amlodipine | 148/1,618 | 6/98 | 324/2,181 | 10.3(0.9) [8.1] |
7.3(2.9) [5.8] |
17.8(1.0) [15.1] |
0.71(0.29–1.75) P=46 |
2.07(1.63–2.61) P<.001 |
0.36(0.15–0.88) P=.03 |
| Lisinopril | 120/1,561 | 5/57 | 294/2,140 | 9.4(0.9) [7.5] |
10.9(4.7) [8.7] |
17.6(1.0) [17.3] |
1.17(0.43–3.20) P=.75 |
2.54(1.97–3.27) P<.001 |
0.47(0.17–1.27) P=.14 |
| ESRD | |||||||||
| Total | 92/9,380 | 10/613 | 580/12,425 | 0.7(0.1) [0.6] |
1.1(0.4) [1.0] |
3.8(0.2) [2.7] |
1.60(0.80–3.19) P=.18 |
4.48(3.47–5.77) P<.001 |
0.37(0.19–0.72) P=.003 |
| Chlorthalidone | 40/4,282 | 8/346 | 256/5,669 | 0.7(0.1) [0.6] |
1.6(0.7) [1.3] |
3.9(0.3) [2.5] |
2.13(0.94–4.82) P=07 |
4.28(2.92–6.26) P<.001 |
0.53(0.25–1.14) P=.10 |
| Amlodipine | 28/2,578 | 0/153 | 163/3,422 | 0.6(0.2) [0.6] |
--- (no cases) | 4.0(0.4) [2.9] |
--- | 4.52(2.84–7.21) P<.001 |
--- |
| Lisinopril | 24/2,520 | 2/114 | 161/3,334 | 0.7(0.2) [0.5] |
0.9(0.9) [1.1] |
3.7(0.4) [2.3] |
2.09(0.49–9.00) P=32 |
4.68(2.84–7.72) P<.001 |
0.46(0.11–1.89) P=.28 |
Diab = diabetes, BL = baseline, IDM = incident diabetes
*
Adjusted for age, gender, race, cigarette smoking, ASCVD, LVH, baseline SBP, baseline DBP, baseline BMI, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol at ALLHAT baseline.
†
Nonfatal MI + CHD death: HR for IDM compared with NDB is significantly different in the lisinopril group compared with the HR in the chlorthalidone group.
‡
Nonfatal MI + CHD death: HR for IDM compared with DBL is significantly different in the lisinopril group compared with the HR in the chlorthalidone group.