TABLE 1.

DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDY PARTICIPANTS

	Nonsmoker Control	Smoker Control	COPD (GOLD 4)	Cystic Fibrosis
N	8	8	8	8
Age	56.3	56.9	58.8	32.6*
Sex	5 F/3 M	5 F/3 M	3 F/5 M	2 F/5 M/1 unknown
FEV1pp	88.8 ± 13.4	94.3 ± 15.3	15.4 ± 2.4†	35.0 ± 22.9‡
FEV1	2.55 ± 0.79	2.83 ± 0.84	0.50 ± 0.14†	1.27 ± 0.88‡
FVCpp	87.2 ± 10.5	98.5 ± 18.1	47.7 ± 11.3†	51.4 ± 22.4‡
FVC	3.17 ± 1.07	3.70 ± 1.12	1.97 ± 0.69†	2.29 ± 1.10‡
FEV1/FVC	80.80 ± 4.82	76.65 ± 5.07	26.83 ± 7.85†	53.76 ± 20.05‡
Pack-years	0.00 ± 0.00	46.00 ± 12.24§	38.83 ± 14.97║	0.00 ± 0.00
Sustained smokers	0	8	4	0

Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD = Global Initiative for COPD; pp = percent predicted.

^*P < 0.015 lower than all other groups.

^†P < 0.0001 lower than nonsmoker and smoker control groups.

^‡P < 0.03 lower than nonsmoker and smoker control groups.

^§P < 0.0001 higher than nonsmoker and cystic fibrosis group.

^║P < 0.01 higher than nonsmoker and cystic fibrosis group.