Table 1.
Taxa sampled, phylogenetic lineages, vouchers and GenBank accessions.
| Present taxonomy* | Phylogenetic lineages and infrageneric classification of Aster† | Numbers, locations and altitudes of vouchers‡ | GenBank accession number§ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITS | ETS | trnL-F | |||
| Unplaced taxa | |||||
| Doellingeria umbellata | NA | – | AF046966 | NA | |
| Eurybia sibirica | NA | – | AY772421 | AY772435 | GU480699 |
| Nannoglottis delavayi | BL | – | AY017167 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Homochrominae | |||||
| Felicia filifolia | BL | – | FJ457937 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Hinterhuberinae | |||||
| Celmisia mackaui | NZ | – | AF422115 | NA | |
| Chiliotrichum diffusum | PSA | – | AF046945 | DQ479128 | AF452501 |
| Madagaster madagascariensis | BL | – | DQ479031 | NA | |
| Mairia hirsuta | BL | – | FJ457929 | NA | |
| Olearia astroloba | AL | – | AF497646 | NA | |
| Olearia ballii | AL | – | AF497662 | NA | |
| Olearia calcarea | AL | – | AF497663 | NA | |
| Olearia ciliata | AL | – | AF497667 | NA | |
| Olearia cordata | AL | – | AF497668 | NA | |
| Olearia covenyi | NZ | – | AF497711 | NA | |
| Olearia rudis | AL | – | AF497677 | NA | |
| Olearia tomentosa | AL | – | AF497650 | NA | |
| Oritrophium hieracioides | PSA | – | DQ479116 | NA | |
| Pleurophyllum hookeri | NZ | – | HQ439864 | NA | |
| Printzia polifolia | BL | – | FJ457927 | NA | |
| Pteronia camphorata var. camphorata | BL | – | DQ479118 | NA | |
| Remya kauaiensis | AL | AF497684 | NA | ||
| Sub-tribe Brachyscominae | |||||
| Brachyscome rigidula | AL | – | DQ478994 | NA | |
| Calotis hispidula | AL | – | AB196597 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Bellidinae | |||||
| Bellis perennis | BE | LWP1003008; Changsha, cultivated | JN315918 | JN315942 | JN315894 |
| Sub-tribe Grangeinae | |||||
| Grangea maderaspatana | GR | LWP0802034; Zhaoqing City, 200 m | JN315920 | JN315944 | JN315896 |
| Dichrocephala auriculata | GR | LWP0708234; Dali City, 2300 m | JN315919 | JN315943 | JN315895 |
| Sub-tribe Lagenophorinae | |||||
| Myriactis nepalensis | AL | LWP0509002; Kunming City, 2300 m | JN315921 | JN315945 | JN315897 |
| Myriactis wightii | AL | LWP0509010; Kunming City, 2200 m | JN315922 | JN315946 | JN315898 |
| Rhynchospermum verticillatum | AL | LWP0607065; Mt. Emei, 1200 m | JN543706 | JN543707 | JN543708 |
| Sheareria nana | AL | LWP0701001; Changsha City, 30m | JN543703 | JN543704 | JN543705 |
| Sub-tribe Baccharidinae | |||||
| Baccharis neglecta | SA | – | U97604 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Podocominae | |||||
| Camptacra gracilis | AL | – | AF247069 | NA | |
| Kippistia suaedifolia | AL | – | AF497660 | NA | |
| Minuria integerrima | AL | – | AF046957 | NA | |
| Minuria macrorhiza | AL | – | AF247076 | ||
| Tetramolopium humile var. humile | AL | – | DQ479040 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Asterinae | |||||
| Arctogeron gramineum | SEA | LWP0606014; Wulanhaote City, 300 m | JN315928 | JN315952 | JN315904 |
| Aster | Eurasian Aster s.s. | ||||
| Aster amellus | Section Aster series Amelli | LWP0408002; Shumen, Bulgaria, 400 m | JN543742 | JN543743 | JN543744 |
| Aster maackii | Section Aster series Macrocephali | LWP0609043; Yichun City, 200 m | JN543745 | JN543746 | JN543747 |
| Aster tataricus | Section Aster series Macrocephali | LWP0108018; Xinglong County, 400 m | JN543748 | JN543749 | JN543750 |
| Aster fuscescens | Section Aster series Fuscescentes | YGS1007021; Gongshan County, 2500 m | JN543751 | JN543752 | JN543753 |
| Aster auriculatus | Section Aster series Auriculati | LWP0509059; Yongsheng County, 2200 m | JN543754 | JN543755 | JN543756 |
| Aster panduratus | Section Aster series Auriculati | LWP1012067; Guiyang City, 1100 m | JN543757 | JN543758 | JN543759 |
| Aster mangshanensis | Section Aster series Auriculati | LWP0511034; Mt. Mang, 1670 m | JN543760 | JN543761 | JN543762 |
| Aster poliothamnus | Section Aster series Vestiti | LWP0506001; Zhang County, 500 m | JN543763 | JN543764 | JN543765 |
| Aster sikuensis | Section Aster series Vestiti | LWP0510025; Lueyang County, 300 m | JN543766 | JN543767 | JN543768 |
| Aster vestitus | Section Aster series Vestiti | LWP0509023; Lijiang City, 2610 m | JN543769 | JN543770 | JN543771 |
| Aster taliangshanensis | Section Aster series Taliangshanensis | LWP0607056; Xichang City, 2800 m | JN543772 | JN543773 | JN543774 |
| Aster dolichopodus | Section Aster series Smithiani | LWP0409060; Maerkang City, 2500 m | JN543775 | JN543776 | JN543777 |
| Aster smithianus | Section Aster series Smithiani | LWP0508034; Maerkang City, 2600 m | JN543778 | JN543779 | JN543780 |
| Aster ageratoides var. lasiocladus | Section Orthomeris series Ageratoides | LWP0112018; Changsha City, 110 m | JN543781 | JN543782 | JN543783 |
| Aster homochlamydeus | Section Orthomeris series Ageratoides | LWP0508004; Li County, 2600 m | JN543784 | JN543785 | JN543786 |
| Aster hersileoides | Section Orthomeris series Hersileoides | LWP0807002; Li County, 2100 m | JN543787 | JN543788 | JN543789 |
| Aster nitidus | Section Orthomeris series Hersileoides | LWP0505007; Nanchuan County, 660 m | JN543790 | JN543791 | JN543792 |
| Aster albescens var. albescens | Section Orthomeris series Albescentes | LWP0508123; Baoxing County, 2010 m | JN543862 | JN543863 | JN543864 |
| Aster argyropholis | Section Orthomeris series Albescentes | LWP0409045; Maerkang City, 2500 m | JN543793 | JN543794 | JN543795 |
| Aster lavanduliifolius | Section Orthomeris series Albescentes | LWP0708053; Yajiang county, 2720 m | JN543796 | JN543797 | JN543798 |
| Aster pycnophyllus | Section Orthomeris series Sikkimenses | LWP0509091; Dali City, 2800 m | JN543799 | JN543800 | JN543801 |
| Aster falcifolius | Section Orthomeris series Falcifolii | LWP0410050; Mt. Huping, 400 m | JN543802 | JN543803 | JN543804 |
| Aster baccharoides | Section Orthomeris series Turbinati | LWP0802001; Zhuhai City, 100 m | JN543805 | JN543806 | JN543807 |
| Aster jishouensis | Section Orthomeris series Turbinati | LWP1012015; Jishou City, 600 m | JN543808 | JN543809 | JN543810 |
| Aster sampsonii | Section Orthomeris series Turbinati | LWP0511060; Mt. Mang, 1100 m | JN543811 | JN543812 | JN543813 |
| Aster turbinatus | Section Orthomeris series Turbinati | LWP0110029; Fenghua City, 60 m | JN543814 | JN543815 | JN543816 |
| Aster alpinus | Section Alpinenia series Alpini | LWP0607020; Wulumuqi City, 2320 m | JN543817 | JN543818 | JN543819 |
| Aster handelii | Section Alpinenia series Alpini | LWP0708174; Zhongdian County, 3400 m | JN543820 | JN543821 | JN543822 |
| Aster heterolepis | Section Alpinenia series Alpini | LWP0507004; Jiuzhai County, 2600 m | JN543823 | JN543824 | JN543825 |
| Aster oreophilus | Section Alpinenia series Alpini | LWP0509016; Lijiang City, 3000 m | JN543826 | JN543827 | JN543828 |
| Aster fanjingshanicus | Section Alpinenia series Tongolensis | LWP0606082; Mt. Fangjing, 2300 m | JN543829 | JN543830 | JN543831 |
| Aster tongolensis | Section Alpinenia series Tongolensis | LWP0708147; Xiangcheng County, 3300 m | JN543832 | JN543833 | JN543834 |
| Aster souliei | Section Alpinenia series Tongolensis | LWP0708084; Litang County, 4000 m | JN543835 | JN543836 | JN543837 |
| Aster brachytrichus | Section Alpinenia series Latibracteati | LWP0607075; Xichang City, 2800 m | JN543838 | JN543839 | JN543840 |
| Aster asteroides | Section Alpinenia series Asteroides | LWP0708112; Daocheng County, 2780 m | JN543841 | JN543842 | JN543843 |
| Aster flaccidus | Section Alpinenia series Asteroides | LWP0607026; Wulumuqi City, 3700 m | JN543844 | JN543845 | JN543846 |
| Aster diplostephioides | Section Alpinenia series Diplostephioides | LWP0507020; Jiuzhai County, 2600 m | JN543847 | JN543848 | JN543849 |
| Aster setchuenensis | Section Alpinenia series Diplostephioides | LWP0508007; Maerkang City, 2800 m | JN543850 | JN543851 | JN543852 |
| Aster yunnanensis | Section Alpinenia series Diplostephioides | LWP0508089; Kangding City, 3500 m | JN543853 | JN543854 | JN543855 |
| Aster senecioides | Section Alpinenia series Senecioides | LWP0708215; Lijiang City, 2800 m | JN543856 | JN543857 | JN543858 |
| Aster batangensis | Section Alpinenia series Batangenses | LWP0606039; Lijiang City, 2700 m | JN543859 | JN543860 | JN543861 |
| Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus | SEA | LWP0607045; Yinchuan City, 1630 m | JN315930 | JN315954 | JN315906 |
| Asterothamnus fruticosus | SEA | LWP0607005; Wulumuqi City, 950 m | JN315929 | JN315953 | JN315905 |
| Callistephus chinensis | SEA | LWP0108021; Anshan City, 340 m | JN315931 | JN315955 | JN315907 |
| Crinitina linosyris | SEA | LWP0408001; Shumen, Bulgaria, 400 m | JN315932 | JN315956 | JN315908 |
| Crinitina villosa | SEA | LWP0408009; Shumen, Bulgaria, 400 m | JN315933 | JN315957 | JN315909 |
| Doellingeria scaber | SEA | LWP0108025; Anshan City, 350 m | JN315934 | JN315958 | JN315910 |
| Galatella dahurica | SEA | LWP0609047; Mt. A'er, Nei Mongol, 400 m | JN315935 | JN315959 | JN315911 |
| Heteropappus altaicus var. millefolius | SEA | LWP0506010; Zhang County, 600 m | JN543709 | JN543710 | JN543711 |
| Heteropappus crenatifoliu | SEA | LWP0409037; Maerkang City, 3200 m | JN543712 | JN543713 | JN543714 |
| Kalimeris indica | SEA | LWP0806017; Changsha City, 80 m | JN543715 | JN543716 | JN543717 |
| Kalimeris incisa | SEA | LWP0609107; Tonghua County, 560 m | JN543721 | JN543722 | JN543723 |
| Kalimeris integrifolia | SEA | LWP0609077; Mudanjiang City, 360 m | JN543718 | JN543719 | JN543720 |
| Kalimeris longipetiolata | SEA | LWP0508104; Baoxing County, 2600 m | JN315936 | JN315960 | JN315912 |
| Miyamayomena angustifolius | SEA | DBY9206; Yongjia County. 200 m | JN543736 | JN543737 | JN543738 |
| Miyamayomena piccolii | SEA | LWP0510055; Mei County. 300 m | JN543730 | JN543731 | JN543732 |
| Miyamayomena simplex | SEA | LWP0508083; Kangding City, 2800 m | JN543733 | JN543734 | JN543735 |
| Rhinactinidia eremophila | SEA | LWP0607036; Wulumuqi City, 2620 m | JN543727 | JN543728 | JN543729 |
| Rhinactinidia limoniifolia | SEA | LWP0607012; Wulumuqi City, 1800 m | JN543724 | JN543725 | JN543726 |
| Tripolium vulgare | SEA | LWP0311001; Varna, Bulgaria, 1 m | JN315937 | JN315961 | JN315913 |
| Turczaninowia fastigiata | SEA | LWP0609030; Daqin City, 150 m | JN543739 | JN543740 | JN543741 |
| Sub-tribe Solidaginae | |||||
| Solidago decurrens | NA | LWP0510116; Lichuan County, 1050 m | JN204176 | JN204177 | JN204178 |
| Sub-tribe Pentachaetinae | |||||
| Pentachaeta aurea | NA | – | AF046972 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Boltoniinae | |||||
| Boltonia asteroides | NA | – | AF477632 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Machaerantherinae | |||||
| Machaeranthera tanacetifolia | NA | – | AF477661 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Symphyotrichinae | |||||
| Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | NA | LWP0606002; Beijing, cultivated. | JN315926 | JN315950 | JN315902 |
| Symphyotrichum subulatum | NA | LWP1010007; Changsha City, 40 m | JN315927 | JN315951 | JN315903 |
| Sub-tribe Astranthiinae | |||||
| Astranthium integrifolium | NA | – | AF046984 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Chrysopsidinae | |||||
| Chrysopsis mariana | NA | – | GQ892729 | NA | |
| Sub-tribe Conyzinae | |||||
| Conyza japonica | AIS | LWP0606032; Lijiang City, 2500 m | JN315938 | JN315962 | JN315914 |
| Conyza sumatrensis | NA | LWP1009002; Changsha City, 35 m | JN315923 | JN315947 | JN315899 |
| Erigeron annus | NA | LWP1010009; Changsha City, 40 m | JN315924 | JN315948 | JN315900 |
| Erigeron breviscapus | NA | LWP0606055; Lijiang City, 2500 m | JN315925 | JN315949 | JN315901 |
| Tribe Anthemideae | |||||
| Chrysanthemum coronarium | OG | LWP1004010; Changsha, cultivated. | JN315939 | JN315963 | JN315915 |
| Dendranthema indicum | OG | LWP1012002; Changsha City, 80 m | JN315940 | JN315964 | JN315916 |
| Tribe Calenduleae | |||||
| Calendula officinalis | OG | LWP1004006; Changsha, cultivated. | JN315941 | JN315965 | JN315917 |
* Generic circumscriptions and nomenclature of Astereae follow Nesom and Robinson (2007) except Turczaninowia which follows Ling et al. (1985) and Crinitina Soják is substituted for Crinitaria Cass. The name Aster setchuenensis follows the International Plant Names Index (IPNI).
† Phylogenetic lineages: follows Brouillet et al. (2009b); infrageneric classification of Aster follows Ling et al. (1985). AIS, Astereae incertae sedis; AL, Australasian lineages; BE, Bellidinae; BL, early-branching lineages; ETS, external transcribed spacer; GR, Grangeinae; ITS, internal transcribed spacer; NA, North American lineage; NZ, New Zealand clade; OG, outgroup; PSA, palaeo South American clade; SA, South American lineages; SEA, segregates of Eurasian Aster s.l.
‡ Information is omitted for the accessions that were obtained from GenBank. Four species were collected from Bulgaria and the others from China.
§ One or two sequence (ETS, trnL-F) data unavailable.