Table 1.

Pathophysiology: Cytokines and Chemokines Associated with Giant-Cell Tumor

IL: interleukin, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, GCT: giant cell tumor, M-CSF: macrophage colony-stimulating factor, ODF: osteoclast differentiation factor, RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, TRANCE: tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, RANK: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa, MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein, TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta, SDF: stromal cell-derived factor.