Exhibit 3.

Costs of Blackout Associated Emergency Department (ED) Visits

	MEPS	WHA
Cost of ED visit (year)	$638 (2006)	$675(2003)
2010 Adjusted Cost of ED visit	$741	$882
Ambulance transport cost (2010 dollars)	$68	$68
Total 2010 cost per ED visit	$809	$950
ED visit costs associated with blackouts in CHIPS study over 2 years	$43,000	$50,000
Annual ED cost per blackout drinker per year in CHIPS	$46.92	$54.55
University-wide ED costs due to blackouts on a large campus (>40,000 students) with 25% reporting blackouts, in 1 year	$469,000	$546,000

SOURCE: Authors’ analysis of data from the College Health Intervention Project Study, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and the Wisconsin Hospital Association. NOTES: