Figure 1.

Probabilities of high and low levels of conduct problems conditional on high levels of CU traits (a) and probabilities of high, increasing, decreasing and low levels of CU traits conditional on high levels of conduct problems (b). Fontaine et al.⁶ identified groups of children with different levels of CU traits (stable high, increasing, decreasing and stable low) and conduct problems (high and low). They examined the relationships between the different levels of CU traits and conduct problems, notably the probabilities of having high or low levels of conduct problems given high levels of CU traits, and the converse set of probabilities, i.e. the probabilities of having high, increasing, decreasing and low levels of CU traits given high levels of conduct problems. They found that children with high levels of CU traits were highly likely to display high levels of conduct problems (probability = 0.95) (Figure 1a), but children with high levels of conduct problems had only a 0.50 probability to display high levels of CU traits (Figure 1b)