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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Mar 13;1243:E40–E54. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06468.x

Table 1.

Current Insulin Analogs and Modes of Actiona

Analog Modification Mechanism
A
Lispro (Humalog®)
Eli Lilly and Co.		 ProB28→ Lys
LysB28→ Pro		 IGF-I-related motif impairs dimerization
Aspart (NovoLog®)
Novo-Nordisk		 ProB28→ Asp charge repulsion at dimmer interface
Glulisine (Apidra®)
Sanofi-Aventis		 AsnB3 → Lys
LysB29 → Glu		 Decreased zinc-free self-association
B
Glargine (Lantus®)
Sanofi-Aventis		 ArgB31–ArgB32 tag
AspA21 → Gly		 Shift in pI to pH 7 leads to isoelectric precipitation on injection
Detemir (Levemir®)
Novo-Nordisk		 modification of LysB29 by a tethered fatty acid stabilization of hexamer and binding to serum albumin
a

Panel A lists basal insulin analogs with protracted action whereas B describes rapid-acting analogs employed in prandial regimens and in insulin pumps.