Table 4. Laboratory confirmed aetiology for children with CNS infection enrolled in the study.
| Pathogen, n (%) | Children (n = 624) | ||
| PCR or serology results | Bacterial culture results | Combined results of PCR, serology and culture | |
| Bacteria | |||
| Streptococcus suis serotype 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 36 (6) | 16 (3) | 37 (6) |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 39 (6) | 9 (1) | 39 (6) |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 (1) | 2 (0.3) | 6 (1) |
| Staphylococcus spp | – | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) |
| Escherichia coli | – | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Acinetobacter spp | – | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | – | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Salmonella spp | – | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Virus | |||
| Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus | 142 (23) | – | 142 (23) |
| Dengue virus | 14 (2) | – | 14 (2) |
| Enteroviruses | 36 (6) | – | 36 (6) |
| Herpes simplex | 14 (2) | – | 14 (2) |
| Tuberculosis | |||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 11 (2) | – | 11 (2) |
| Dual infection | |||
| Dengue virus + H. influenzae type b | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.5) |
| JE virus + N.meningitidis | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
| JE virus + H. influenzae type b | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.5) |
| JE virus + Salmonella spp | – | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| JE virus + Staphylococcus spp | – | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Enteroviruses + H. influenzae type b | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Unknown aetiology1 | 318 (51) | 585 (94) | 306 (49) |
1
“Unknown aetiology” corresponds to the probable cases.