Table 1. Clinical characteristics of subjects at the initial study date.

	Tuberculosis, n = 3176	Control, n = 15880	p value
Age (year)	51.9±19.2	51.9±19.2	0.999
Male	2080 (65.5)	10400 (65.5)	1.000
Developing COPD	241 (7.6)	624 (3.9)	<0.001
Follow up duration (year)	4.4±2.3	4.5±2.2	0.005
in those developing COPD	2.3±1.4	2.5±1.3	0.050
in those not developing COPD	4.6±2.2	4.6±2.2	0.496
Cancelled health insurance	16 (0.5)	60 (0.4)	0.304
Diabetes mellitus	569 (17.9)	1292 (8.1)	<0.001
Malignancy	89 (2.8)	305 (1.9)	0.001
lung cancer	3 (0.1)	7 (0.0)	0.225
other cancer	86 (2.7)	298 (1.9)	0.002
End-stage renal disease	36 (1.1)	60 (0.4)	<0.001
Autoimmune disease	17 (0.5)	31 (0.2)	<0.001
Liver cirrhosis	6 (0.2)	13 (0.1)	0.114
Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome	6 (0.2)	3 (0.0)	0.001
Organ transplantation	1 (0.0)	7 (0.0)	1.000
Low income	87 (2.7)	186 (1.2)	<0.001
Ever undergoing spirometry	103 (3.2)	381 (2.4)	0.006

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Data were either number (%) or mean ± SD.