Table 2. Independent risk factors for developing COPD in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n = 3176) and control subjects (n = 15880), by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

	p value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Age	<0.001	1.047 (1.043–1.052)
Male	<0.001	2.001 (1.687–2.373)
Tuberculosis	<0.001	2.054 (1.768–2.387)
Diabetes mellitus	0.003	0.730 (0.591–0.902)
Low income	0.048	1.549 (1.004–2.390)