Table 4. Clinical characteristics at the initial study date of tuberculosis cases (n = 3176) with or without subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

	Developing COPD, n = 241	Not developing COPD, n = 2935	p value
Age (year): mean	62.5±14.9	51.1±19.2	<0.001
Male	188 (78.0)	1892 (64.5)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	36 (14.9)	533 (18.2)	0.210
Malignancy	8 (3.3)	81 (2.8)	0.613
End-stage renal disease	0 (0.0)	36 (1.2)	0.108
Autoimmune disease	0 (0.0)	17 (0.6)	0.634
Liver cirrhosis	0 (0.0)	6 (0.2)	1.000
AIDS	0 (0.0)	6 (0.2)	1.000
Organ transplantation	0 (0.0)	1 (0.0)	1.000
Low income	9 (3.7)	78 (2.7)	0.325
Delay in ATT (days)	94.9±64.8	74.3±65.2	<0.001
No. of days in first 2 months of ATT
receiving isoniazid	43.7±21.2	46.2±19.5	0.082
receiving rifampicin	48.2±13.0	49.9±12.0	0.041
receiving ethambutol	49.7±13.3	48.7±13.8	0.323
receiving pyrazinamide	45.0±21.2	48.1±19.8	0.031
without ATT	3.4±8.0	2.5±6.6	0.079
receiving ≤1 drug	6.0±9.7	5.2±9.0	0.194
receiving ≥3 drugs	47.7±13.1	49.4±12.4	0.044

Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome; ATT, anti-tuberculous treatment; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Data were either number (%) or mean ± SD.