Table 1. Demographics and clinical data of the study population.
| Mothera | Newborna | ||
| Variable | (N = 101) | Male (N = 58) | Female (N = 43) |
| Maternal | |||
| Age (years) | 26.7 (5.3) | 27.5 (5.4) | 25.7 (5.0) |
| Education (years) | 7.4 (3.6) | 7.6 (3.5) | 7.2 (3.7) |
| Parity | 1.8 (0.90) | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.9) |
| Water arsenic (µg/L) | 90.5 (165.8)b | 92.5 (157.0) | 87.8 (179.2)h |
| Urinary arsenic (µg/L) | 127.6 (232.9) | 134.3 (226.1) | 118.7 (244.3) |
| Urinary creatinine (mg/dl) | 48.6 (35.3) | 47.6 (32.9) | 50.1 (38.7) |
| Urinary arsenic (ug/g creatinine) | 271.7 (489.5) | 282.1 (450.3) | 257.7 (543.1) |
| Blood arsenic (µg/L) | 11.9 (8.6) | 12.6 (10.1) | 10.9 (6.0) |
| Plasma folate (nmol/L) | 20.3 (9.9)c | 20.7 (79.6) | 19.6 (9.4)i |
| Plasma homocysteine (µmol/L) | 6.4 (1.5) | 6.1 (1.6) | 6.7 (1.5)* |
| Plasma B12 (pmol/L) | 180.8 (71.5)d | 193.6 (79.6) | 163.2 (54.9)j |
| Newborn | |||
| Gestational age (days) | 275.9 (18.1) | 281.7 (13.9) | |
| Placenta weight (g) | 531.4 (127.9) | 489.5 (106.4)* | |
| Birth weight (g) | 2830.5 (517.2) | 2647.0 (336.5)* | |
| Head circumference (cm) | 32.1 (3.0)e | 31.2 (1.4)* | |
| Birth length (cm) | 48.2 (3.5) | 47.7 (1.9)j | |
| Cord plasma folate | 52.4 (17.8)g | 53.2 (15.3)h | |
| Cord plasma homocysteine (µmol/L) | 5.4 (1.3)e | 6.1 (1.4)** | |
| Cord plasma B12 (pmol/L) | 409.4 (255)g | 313.4 (150.0)k | |
| Cord blood As (µg/L) | 16.0 (9.9) | 15.3 (6.9) | |
| DNA methylation | |||
| Methyl-incorporation (DPM/ug DNA) | 91,718 (15,300) | 89,024 (12,171)f | 89,915 (13,861)h |
| Alu (%) | 24.70 (0.81)b | 24.76 (1.2)e | 24.69 (1.0) |
| LINE-1 (%) | 79.12 (1.38) | 79.58 (1.8) | 78.82 (1.4)h ** |
| LUMA (%) | 74.72 (2.48) | 74.88 (2.6) | 74.86 (3.7) |
a
Values are mean (SD).
b
N = 100,
c
N = 99,
d
N = 95,
e
N = 57,
f
N = 56,
g
N = 54,
h
N = 42,
i
N = 41,
j
N = 40,
k
N = 37.
*
P<0.05; Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between newborn sex.
**
P<0.01; Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between newborn sex.