Fig. 3.

Addition of quercetin 6 h post RV infection attenuates virus-stimulated IFN responses in airway epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were infected with sham, UV-RV1B, RV1B, UV-RV39 or RV1B, and incubated for 90 min. Infection medium was replaced with fresh medium and incubated for another 4.5 h. DMSO or 10 μM quercetin was added to the cells and incubation continued for another 18 h. Levels of IFN mRNA (panels A–C) and IL-8 protein (D) were determined by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Expression of IFN genes were normalized to G3PDH and then expressed as fold change over sham-infected cells. Data represent average and SD calculated from three independent experiments (^∗p ⩽ 0.05, different from UV-RV in (A–C); and different from sham in (D); ^†p ⩽ 0.05, different from media or DMSO treated cells).