Fig. 6.

Withdrawal of quercetin several hours before RV infection does not limit rhinovirus infectivity in vitro. BEAS-2B cells were treated with DMSO or 10 μM quercetin overnight. Cells were shifted to fresh media without quercetin or DMSO and incubated for 8 h. Cells were then infected in the absence of quercetin, and incubated for 18 h. Infectious viral load was determined as described in Fig. 4 (A). vRNA and IFN responses (B–E) were determined by qPCR. IL-8 protein levels were determined by ELISA (F). Data represent average and SD values calculated from three independent experiments (^∗p ⩽ 0.05, different from sham infected cells).