Table 4.
Training of first responders and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel
| Non-EMS first responders | EMS providers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Type of non-EMS first responders | Training of first responders | Training of EMS providers | Certification required for EMS providers | |
| Ghana | Commercial drivers | First aid | BLS: EMT course ALS: doctor |
EMT | |
| Kenya | Police, fire | First aid | EMT | none | |
| South Africa | Community members | First aid | BLS: 6wk training ILS: BLS + 1000 duty hrs + 4mo training ALS: ILS + 1000 duty hrs + 10mo training |
BTLS/ACLS/BLS/PEARS/ATLS | |
| India | Delhi | Police, fire | BLS | Junior ambulance officers and paramedics | BTLS-/PHTLS-like certification |
| Gujarat | Negligible | 6 wk training (ALS, BLS) | EMT (6 wk course) | ||
| Maharashtra | Teachers, industry professionals, rickshaw drivers, civil defense | First aid/BLS | Doctor: EMS diploma Paramedic: BLS + EMS certificate |
EMT | |
| Pakistan | Negligible | Most services without, 1 with doctors, 1 with EMTs | none | ||
| Sri Lanka | First aid | EMS levels 1–4 | none | ||
| Vietnam | Commercial drivers (motor cycle taxi), community health workers | First aid | Doctor, nurse, and driver | none | |
| Brazil | Firefighters, police | First aid | Doctor, nurse, nurse tech, first responder: PHTLS, ATLS, ACLS, BLS | BLS, ACLS, PHTLS | |
| Colombia | First aid: firefighters, civil defense, nurse technicians, laypeople | First aid | Doctor, nurse, prehospital care tech, nurse asst: 20hrs BLS, 48hrs ALS | NA | |
| Ecuador | Firefighters, civil protection, lay persons | First aid | Some EMT, doctors | None | |
| Mexico | Firefighters, civil protection, lay persons | First aid | Doctors: some services request ACLS, PHTLS, BLS, and ATLS; EMT | National EMT program; some ACLS, PHTLS, BLS, ATLS | |
| Panama | Firefighters, police | First aid | Doctor EMT degree | EMT | |
| Peru | Firefighters, police | First aid | Drivers: CPR Nurse tech, EMT, nurse: prehospital care course; Doctor: EM or critical care transport | BLS, ACLS, PHTLS | |
ACLS: Advanced Cardiac Life Support course. ALS: Advanced life support. BLS: Basic life support. ATLS: Advanced Ttrauma Life Support course. CPR: Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. EM: Emergency medicine. EMT: Emergency medical technician. ILS: Intermediate life support. Mo: month. NA: Not applicable. PEARS: Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization. PHTLS: Prehospital Trauma Life Support course. Wk: week.