Table 1.
Studies on family and parenting factors for health behaviors
| Health behavior |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | PA | Diet | Sed B | N | Sex | Age | At-risk criteria | Design | Outcome measure | Family variables, relationc (outcome variable) | Effect sized |
| Adkins et al., 2004 (57) | X | 52 | F | 8–10 years | BMI | CS | Accelerometer | Parent support 0 (PA) Family environment 0 (PA) |
n/a n/a |
||
| Anderson et al., 2009 (51) | X | 433 | MF | 8–10 years | BMI | CS | Self-report | Parent value of sports + (PA) | – | ||
| Arcan et al., 2007 (68)a,b | X | 509 | MF | 11–21 years | Minority | L | Self-report | V Modeling + (intake) F & Dairy Modeling 0 (intake) |
.03–.07 n/a |
||
| Befort et al., 2006 (55) | X | 228 | MF | 12–15 years | Minority subsample | CS | Self-report | Family meals 0 (F&V intake) | n/a | ||
| Berge et al., 2010 (69)a,b | X | 806 | MF | 12–15 years | Minority | CS & L | Self-report | Authoritative parenting style + (Family meals) | .03–. 10 | ||
| Bungum & Vincent, 1997 (56) | X | 852 | MF | 11–12 graders | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent modeling 0 (PA) Parent support 0 (PA) |
n/a n/a |
||
| Burgess-Champoux, et al., 2009 (61)a,b | X | 667 | MF | 12–18 years | Minority | L | Self-report | Family meals – (fast food) Family meals + (V, calcium, fiber, and nutrients) Family meals 0 (energy intake, soft drink) |
0.01–0.07 0.02–.07 n/a |
||
| French et al., 2001 (59)a | X | 4,746 | MF | 11–18 years | BMI | CS | Self-report | Family meals 0 (fast food) Parental concern 0 (fast food) |
n/a n/a |
||
| Hanson et al., 2005 (67) | X | 902 | MF | 7–12 graders | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent modeling ? (F&V, dairy intake) | 0.00–0.07 | ||
| Hohepa, et al, 2007 (62) | X | 3,471 | MF | 9–13 years | Low SES | CS | Self-report | Parent encouragement ? (PA) | – | ||
| Kitzman-Ulrich et al., 2010 (60) | X | 669 | MF | 11–12 years | Minority | CS | Accelerometer | Boys: Parent support + (PA) Girls: Parent support 0 (PA) |
0.004 n/a |
||
| Larson et al., 2010 (63)a,b | X | 792 | MF | 16–18 years | Minority | L | Self-report | Parental support 0 (intake) Family meals ? (intake) |
n/a Overall R2=0.28-0.31 |
||
| Larson et al., 2006 (64)a | X | 4,079 | MF | 11–18 years | BMI | CS | Self-report | Parent support ? (calcium) Parent support 0 (dairy) Parent support 0 (milk intake) |
0.00–0.002 n/a n/a |
||
| Lown & Braunschweig, 2008 (50) | X | 72 | F | 3–8 graders | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent support + (PA intentions) | 0.00–0.18 | ||
| McGuire et al., 2002 (65)a | X | X | 900 | MF | 7–12 graders | Minority | CS | Self-report | Girls: Parent fitness ? (PA), – (SedB) Parent modeling 0 (PA), 0 (SedB) Parent support + (PA), 0 (SedB) Boys: Parent fitness 0 (PA), – (SedB) Parent modeling 0 (PA), ? (SedB) Parent support + (PA) – (SedB) Parent modeling? (SedB) |
0.00–0.02, 0.02 n/a 0.02, n/a n/a, 0.02 n/a, 0.00–0.05 0.07, 0.02 |
|
| Moore & Harre, 2007 (43) | X | X | X | 433 | MF | 13–16 years | Low SES | CS | Self-report | Parental monitoring + (healthy foods & PA) Parental monitoring – (unhealthy foods) Parental monitoring + (eating breakfast) Family cohesion + (healthy foods) Family cohesion – (unhealthy foods) Family cohesion + (eating breakfast) |
0.04 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 |
| Motl et al., 2007 (52) | X | 1,655 | F | 16–18 years | BMI | CS | Self-report | Social support + (PA) | 0.11 | ||
| Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2003 (37)a | X | 3,957 | MF | 11–18 years | Minority | CS | Self-report | Social support 0 (intake) Social support + (availability) Family meals 0 (intake) |
Overall R2 = 0.13 | ||
| Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2003 (53) | X | 201 | F | 14–18 years | Minority | CD | Self-report | Social support + (PA) | .06 | ||
| O'loughlin et al., 1999 (54) | X | X | 2,285 | MF | 9–13 years | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent modeling + (PA) Parent support + (PA) Parent modeling – (SedB) Parent support – (SedB) |
– | |
| Prochaska et al., 2002 (66) | X | 138 | MF | 11–13 years | Minority | CS | Accelerometer Self-report | Parent support + (self-report PA) Parent support 0 (accel. PA) |
0.02 0.01 |
||
| Ries et al., 2008 (49) | X | 377 | MF | 13–18 years | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent support + (PA importance) | – | ||
| Ries et al., 2009 (58) | X | 329 | MF | 9–12 graders | Minority | CS | Accelerometer Self-report | Parent modeling 0 (PA) | n/a | ||
| Sabiston & Crocker 2008 (48) | X | 857 | MF | 15–18 years | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent support + (PA) Parent modeling ? (PA) Parent beliefs + (PA) |
0.07 0.01-0.03 0.05-0.06 |
||
| Springer et al., 2010 (44) | X | 734 | MF | 9–10 years | Minority | CS | Self-report | Parent modeling + (SedB) Parent monitoring – (SedB) |
– | ||
| Van Zutphen et al., 2007 (45) | X | 1,926 | MF | 4–12 years | Low SES | CS | Parent-report | Parent monitoring – (SedB) | 0.04 | ||
CS, Cross-sectional; F&V, Fruit and Vegetable; F, Female; FFRU, fast food restaurant use; L, Longitudinal; M, Male; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; P, Prospective; SedB, Sedentary behavior.
a
Indicates Project EAT-I sample.
b
Indicates Project EAT-II sample. Only original results are summarized for studies examining the same sample.
c
Relations were 0 = no significant relation, + = positive relation, – = negative relation, ? = mixed results.
d
Effect sizes were calculated for significant results as percentage of variance accounted for. Overweight or obese = ≥85th percentile, obese = ≥95th percentile.