Table 1.
Clinical outcome in the total series and in subgroups by cause of hydrocephalus
| Number of patients | Mean age at first surgery (months) | Reoperations (mean per patient) | Infections (prevalence per patient) | Mortality (cause) | Mean Karnofsky | Good outcome (GOS 1) | No sequels | Motor sequels | Epilepsy | Cognitive sequels | IQ ≥ 80 (number tested) | Median IQ (extremes) | Normal schooling | Normal job (percent of evaluablea cases) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor | 125 | 108.6 | 1.8 | 13 (10.4%) | 6 (5 tumor, 1 shunt) | 80.6 | 43 (34.4%) | 22 (17.6%) | 37 (29.6%) | 28 (22.4%) | 61 (48.8%) | 55.6% (72) | 82.4 (48–123) | 64 (51.2%) | 44 (45.4%) |
| Myelomeningocele | 85 | 33.0 | 2.6 | 13 (15.3%) | 3 (2 shunt, 1 intercurrent) | 65.1 | 1 (1.2%) | 0 | 84 (98.8%) | 9 (10.6%) | 32 (37.6%) | 55.6% (36) | 83.4 (30–132) | 36 (42.4%) | 13 (18.3%) |
| Meningitis | 59 | 16.7 | 3.9 | 11 (18.6%) | 1 (shunt-related) | 73.1 | 17 (28.8%) | 8 (13.6%) | 26 (44.1%) | 20 (33.9%) | 36 (61.0%) | 41% (17) | 73.0 (40–124) | 14 (23.7%) | 10 (21.7%) |
| Hemorrhagic | 57 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 11 (19.3%) | 0 | 77.9 | 25 (43.9%) | 14 (24.6%) | 26 (45.6%) | 16 (28.1%) | 33 (57.9%) | 50% (24) | 79.2 (51–141) | 18 (31.6%) | 10 (27.0%) |
| Malformative | 55 | 62.0 | 2.8 | 11 (20.0%) | 1 (shunt-related) | 80.6 | 27 (49.1%) | 15 (27.3%) | 19 (34.5%) | 18 (32.7%) | 20 (36.4%) | 71% (17) | 88.3 (61–118) | 24 (43.6%) | 14 (35.0%) |
| Arachnoid cyst | 32 | 72.0 | 2.5 | 5 (15.6%) | 0 | 87.2 | 18 (56.3%) | 11 (34.4%) | 6 (18.8%) | 7 (21.9%) | 13 (40.6%) | 60% (15) | 90.7 (60–135) | 17 (53.1%) | 12 (60.0%) |
| Traumatic | 15 | 79.6 | 2.3 | 3 (20.0%) | 1 (intercurrent) | 67.9 | 4 (26.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 6 (40.0%) | 3 (20.0%) | 9 (60.0%) | (1) | – | 4 (26.7%) | 4 (28.6%) |
| Othersb | 28 | 24.9 | 3.0 | 4 (14.3%) | 1 (intercurrent) | 78.6 | 12 (42.9%) | 10 (35.7%) | 8 (28.6%) | 4 (14.3%) | 13 (46.4%) | 37.5% (8) | 78.7 (55–101) | 12 (41.4%) | 8 (40.0%) |
| Total | 456 | 55.6 | 2.7 | 71 (15.6%) | 13 (2.85%) | 76.4 | 147 (32.3%) | 82 (18.0%) | 212 (46.5%) | 105 (23.0%) | 217 (47.6%) | 54.5% (189) | 82.3 (30–141) | 189 (41.4%) | 115 (33.3%) |
aNon-evaluable cases are patients who have not completed their studies (whatever these are) and whose social outcome is, therefore, not yet determined
b“Others” regroups cases of Dandy–Walker malformations (6), other craniocervical or craniofacial malformations (5), and hydrocephalus of undetermined causes (17)