Impact of L-Sham (L-SO), R-Sham (R-SO), L-TBI, or R-TBI on Dyn A levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, analyzed separately in the ipsilateral and contralesional regions at 24 h and 7 days after surgery. ANOVA (9 levels) was followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc analyses (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001). Data bars represent means±SD (SD, standard deviation, ANOVA, analysis of variance; Dyn A, dynorphin A).