Table 2.

Relationship between total carotenoids and other covariates with baseline depressive symptoms.

Baseline CES-D scores
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 2
	β	SE	P	β	SE	P	β	SE	P
Total Carotenoids *	− 0.75	0.26	0.005	− 0.57	0.27	0.03	− 0.55	0.27	0.047
Age	0.21	0.04	<.0001	0.15	0.04	0.0003	0.16	0.04	0.0002
Sex	5.46	0.53	<.0001	5.14	0.55	<.0001	5.13	0.60	<.0001
Antidepressants use	5:05	1:28	<.0001	4:09	1:34	0.002	3.90	1:35	0.004
No. chronic diseases				0.39	0.29	0.18	0.29	0.30	0.32
Physical activity				− 2.26	0.63	0.0004	− 2.27	0.62	0.0004
ADL disabilities				3.17	1.52	0.04	3.05	1.52	0.05
BMI				− 0.26	0.37	0.48	− 0.43	0.38	0.26
(log) CRP							−0.41	0.38	0.27
(log) IL-6							0.04	0.30	0.89
(log) IL-1ra							1.41	0.50	0.005

^*Per SD increase; Total Carotenoids SD = 0.68 μmol/L

CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; SE, Standard Error; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; BMI, Body Mass Index; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; CRP, C-Reactive Protein; IL-6, Interleukin 6; IL-1ra, Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.