Table II.

Mean, SD, Normality Test, and Transformation Applied for Process Variables

	Test of deviationfrom normal distribution
Variable	Number of patients	Mean	SD	Shapiro-Wilk statistic	p-value	Transformation applied
Alliance – WAI total score	416	187.34	29.03	0.993	0.034	None
Number of positive learning statements
Received from counselor	417	.297	.667	.502	.001	Binary
Received from other patients	417	.122	.497	.261	.001	Binary
Number of non-positive learning statements
Received from counselor	417	1.30	1.93	.694	.001	Binary
Received from other patients	417	.693	1.345	.577	.001	Binary
Number of self-disclosures
Here-and-now	417	.478	1.046	.511	.001	Binary
Past	417	7.571	5.315	.958	.012	None
Participation variables
Total time speaking per session	440	1.246	.882	.909	.001	None
Number of turns at talk per session	440	19.819	13.034	.906	.001	None
Group cohesion	Number of counselors
Focus	10	5.63	1.66	.952	.66	None
Interest/involvement	10	6.08	1.84	.954	.69	None
Trust	10	5.75	1.23	.766	.004	Log
Facilitative behavior	10	5.82	2.19	.948	.61	None
Bonding	10	5.72	1.69	.973	.94	None
Global cohesiveness	10	5.56	1.70	.915	.252	None
Global quality	10	4.90	1.93	.861	.049	None
Affective intensity	10	5.50	2.12	.872	.072	None
Conflict	10	2.21	1.50	.727	.002	Log

Note. n = 417 patients; 10 counselors; 14 groups (rolling membership); 387 specific group sessions (tapes); 3.86 sessions were attended, on average, by each patient; five raters (two per session) for alliance, feedback, and self-disclosure variables. For the participation data, n = 440 patients, 10 counselors, 14 rolling groups, 1030 specific group sessions (tapes), 27 raters, 1.5 sessions attended on average per patient. For the cohesion data, n =10 counselors, 14 groups, two raters, 76 specific group sessions (tapes).