Figure 7.

Histological observation and EDX analysis after pull-out testing. A, B – H + E staining of the tissues surrounding HA-coated prosthesis after push-out test: fracture and defect of the periprosthetic trabecular bones (red arrows); discontinuous or continuous foreign residues at the tissue-prosthesis interface (black arrows); C, D – H + E staining of the tissues surrounding Ti-coated prosthesis after push-out test: fracture and defect of periprosthetic trabecular bones can be observed (red arrows); there are no foreign residues at the tissue-prosthesis interface; E – elements of Ti, Al, and V were detected from the HA-coated prosthetic surface after the push-out test, indicating substrate exposure; F – apart from Ga, P, and other bone component elements, Ti was the only element detected on the surface of Ti-coated prosthesis by EDX after the push-out test, suggesting a relatively intact structure of the Ti coating