Table 1.

Processes and paradigms that have been modeled using the scheme in this paper.

Domain	Process or paradigm
Perception	Perceptual categorization (bird songs; Friston and Kiebel, 2009)
	Novelty and omission-related responses (Friston and Kiebel, 2009)
	Perceptual inference (speech; Kiebel et al., 2009)
Sensory learning	Perceptual learning (mismatch negativity; Friston and Kiebel, 2009)
Attention	Attention and the Posner paradigm (Feldman and Friston, 2010)
	Attention and biased competition (Feldman and Friston, 2010)
Motor control	Retinal stabilization and oculomotor reflexes (Friston et al., 2010a)
	Saccadic eye movements and cued reaching (Friston et al., 2010a)
	Motor trajectories and place cells (Friston et al., 2011)
Sensorimotor integration	Bayes-optimal sensorimotor integration (Friston et al., 2010a)
Behavior	Heuristics and dynamical systems theory (Friston and Ao, 2011)
	Goal-directed behavior (Friston et al., 2009)
Action observation	Action observation and mirror neurons (Friston et al., 2011)