Figure 3.

Reduction of virus yields by K. gracilis leaf extract. Each virus at the titer of 300 pfu was mixed with K. gracilis leaf extract and then added into RD cell cultures. Virus titers in each cultured supernatant were measured 48 h after infection using real-time RT-PCR. The delta Ct value was calculated by subtracting the Ct value for viral load in cultured media of K. gracilis leaf-extract-treated infected cells from the Ct value for viral load in cultured media of infected cells without treatment. Assay was performed as described in the Section 2. *P value < 0.05; **P value < 0.01; ***P value < 0.001 by Scheffe test.