Figure 9.

Relative levels of pro-inflammatory gene expression in infected RD cells with or without the treatment of K. gracilis leaf extract. For detection of virus-induced proinflammatory gene expression (a), RD cells were infected with EV71 or CVA16 for 8 h then harvested for RNA extraction. Real-time RT-PCR was performed as described in Section 2. For detection of inhibitory effect of K. gracilis leaf extract on virus-induced proinflammatory gene expression, EV71- or CVA16-infected cells (b, c) were simultaneously treated with K. gracilis leaf extract at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 μg/mL. After 8 h of incubation, total RNA was isolated from each group and Real-time RT-PCR was performed as described in Section 2. *P value < 0.05; **P value < 0.01; ***P value < 0.001 by Scheffe's test.