Table 1.
Characteristics by case control status and across number of high¶ inflammatory markers in the control group.
| Controls N (%) Mean ± Std | Hip Fractures N (%) Mean ± Std | P-value+ | 0 (N=211) N(%) Mean ± Std | 1 (N=101) N (%) Mean ± Std | 2 (N=63) N (%) Mean ± Std | 3 (N=24) N (%) Mean ± Std | P-Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 380 (95.0) | 380 (95.0) | >0.99 | 196 (92.9) | 98 (97.0) | 61 (96.8) | 24 (100) | 0.58 |
| Age at baseline >70 years | 132 (33.0) | 132 (33.0) | >0.99 | 129 (61.1) | 68 (67.3) | 50 (79.4) | 20 (80.3) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | <0.01 | |||||||
| <25 | 144 (36.1) | 193 (48.6) | 87 (41.4) | 36 (35.6) | 14 (22.2) | 6 (25.0) | <0.01 | |
| 25-30 | 150 (37.6) | 127 (32.0) | 80 (38.1) | 38 (37.6) | 24 (38.1) | 8 (33.3) | ||
| ≥30 | 105 (26.3) | 77 (19.4) | 43 (20.5) | 27 (26.7) | 25 (39.7) | 10 (41.7) | ||
| Corticosteroid use | 4 (1.0) | 16 (4.0) | 0.01 | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.59 |
| NSAID use ≥2 years | 81 (21.7) | 83 (20.7) | 0.73 | 43 (20.4) | 22 (21.8) | 18 (28.6) | 4 (16.7) | 0.44 |
| RAND 36 – Physical functioning >90 | 117 (30.1) | 84 (21.8) | 0.01 | 70 (34.3) | 30 (30.0) | 12 (19.7) | 4 (17.4) | 0.02 |
| Frailty | 66 (16.5) | 89 (22.3) | 0.04 | 30 (14.2) | 16 (15.8) | 12 (19.1) | 8 (33.3) | 0.07 |
| General health status, fair/poor | 42 (10.6) | 61 (15.3) | 0.05 | 17 (8.3) | 13 (13.0) | 8 (12.9) | 4 (17.4) | <0.01 |
| Treated diabetes | 19 (4.8) | 24 (6.0) | 0.43 | 6 (2.8) | 5 (5.0) | 5 (7.9) | 3 (12.5) | 0.02 |
| RA | 23 (5.8) | 28 (7.0) | 0.47 | 12 (5.7) | 4 (4.0) | 6 (9.5) | 1 (4.2) | 0.68 |
| Alcohol lifetime consumption | 0.61 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Non drinker | 70 (17.6) | 58 (14.6) | 34 (16.2) | 13 (12.9) | 17 (27.9) | 6 (25.0) | ||
| Past drinker | 80 (20.2) | 89 (22.4) | 44 (21.0) | 17 (16.8) | 15 (24.6) | 4 (16.7) | ||
| <1 drink per day | 205 (51.6) | 212 (53.3) | 107 (51.0) | 56 (55.5) | 28 (45.9) | 13 (54.2) | ||
| ≥1 drinks per day | 42 (10.6) | 39 (9.8) | 25 (11.9) | 15 (14.8) | 1 (1.6) | 1(4.2) | ||
| Current smoker | 10 (2.5) | 36 (9.1) | <0.01 | 8 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.51 |
| History of fracture age ≥55 years | 82 (20.5) | 96 (24.0) | 0.24 | 44 (20.9) | 19 (18.8) | 12 (19.1) | 7 (29.2) | 0.73 |
| Parental history of hip fracture | 64 (16.0) | 80 (20.0) | 0.14 | 31 (14.7) | 18 (17.8) | 13 (20.6) | 2 (8.3) | 0.76 |
| Physical activity, MET – hrs/wk* | 11 (4–19) | 7 (2–15) | <0.01 | 12 (4–20) | 11 (4–23) | 5 (1–15) | 5 (1–11) | <0.01 |
| Total number of falls at follow-up* | 2 (0–4) | 1 (1–3) | 0.82 | 1 (0–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 1.5 (0.5–3) | 0.89 |
| Total vitamin D intake, IU/day | 321 (127–561) | 310 (120–541) | 0.47 | 284 (112–560) | 452 (140–561) | 427 (188–656) | 104 (172–454) | 0.29 |
| Serum 25(OH)D, ng/ml | 23.9 ± 7.2 | 22.4 ± 8.1 | 0.01 | 23.8 ± 6.9 | 24.2 ± 6.3 | 24.4 ± 7.5 | 21.3 ± 8.2 | 0.51 |
| Total calcium Intake, mg/day | 1167 ± 684 | 1072 ± 694 | 0.05 | 1167 ± 718 | 1197 ± 667 | 1216 ± 620 | 925 ± 600 | 0.51 |
| TNF SR1, pg/ml* | 1567 (1370–1838) | 1623 (1376–1956) | 0.07 | — | — | — | — | — |
| TNF SR2, pg/ml* | 2490 (2114–2844) | 2551 (2158–3062) | 0.04 | — | — | — | — | — |
| IL-6 SR, pg/ml* | 39223 (31013–47714) | 40046 (30625–50302) | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bioavailable estradiol, pg/ml | 7.5 ± 4.5 | 6.6 ± 4.3 | <0.01 | 7.1 ± 4.3 | 6.8 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 5.2 | 11.1 ± 6.7 | <0.01 |
| Bioavailable testosterone, pg/ml | 12.6 ± 7.0 | 10.9 ± 6.3 | <0.01 | 12.4 ± 7.0 | 13.0 ± 7.8 | 11.8 ± 4.9 | 14.6 ± 7.5 | 0.52 |
| SHBG, μg/dl | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | <0.01 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.09 |
| Cystatin-C, mg/L | 1.06 ± 0.2 | 1.10 ± 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.14 | 1.03 ± 0.17 | 1.29 ± 0.36 | 1.34 ± 0.30 | <0.01 |
| PINP, ng/ml | 49.6 ± 23.7 | 51.0 ± 23.0 | 0.42 | 49.1 ± 25.9 | 48.4 ± 17.3 | 53.1 ± 25.8 | 49.4 ± 21.1 | 0.49 |
| CTx, ng/ml | 0.41 ± 0.19 | 0.45 ± 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.19 | 0.40 ± 0.15 | 0.44 ± 0.23 | 0.42 ± 0.20 | 0.47 |
*
Medians and IQR
+
P-values from McNemar's test for categorical data, and paired t-tests and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous data
¶
Number of inflammatory markers in the top quartile according to the distribution of cytokine soluble receptor concentrations among the controls.