Table 3.
Risk ratios (95% CIs) of hip fracture, according to number of high¶ inflammatory markers
| 0,1 (N=588) | 2 (N=131) | 3 (N=75) | P trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude analysis (N pairs=394) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.25 (0.84–1.84) | 2.42 (1.43–4.09) | 0.001 |
| Base analysis† (N pairs= 358) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.41 (0.89–2.24) | 2.61 (1.41–4.81) | 0.001 |
| Base analysis† + frailty score (N pairs=358) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.44 (0.90–2.30) | 2.55 (1.38–4.71) | 0.002 |
| Base analysis† + RAND 36 Physical Functioning (N pairs = 344) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.40 (0.87–2.23) | 2.62 (1.41–4.85) | 0.002 |
| Base analysis† + total number of falls at follow-up (N pairs = 333) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.44 (0.89–2.32) | 2.79 (1.46–5.31) | 0.001 |
| Base analysis† + bioavailable estradiol (N pairs=348) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.53 (0.95–2.48) | 3.00 (1.59-–5.67) | <0.001 |
| Base analysis + bioavailable testosterone (N pairs=355) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.37 (0.86–2.20) | 2.86 (1.51–5.41) | 0.001 |
| Base analysis† + SHBG (N pairs=356) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.40 (0.87–2.24) | 2.81 (1.48–5.35) | 0.002 |
| Base analysis† + cystatin-C (N pairs=353) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.31 (0.77–2.20) | 2.21 (1.12–4.36) | 0.024 |
| Base analysis† + PINP (N pairs=345) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.48 (0.92–2.40) | 2.80 (1.49–5.27) | 0.001 |
| Base analysis† + CTx (N pairs=348) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.40 (0.87–2.26) | 2.44 (1.32–4.53) | 0.003 |
| Base analysis† + 25(OH)D (N pairs=357) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.41 (0.88–2.25) | 2.61 (1.41–4.83) | 0.002 |
| Summary multivariable model§ (N pairs =290) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.36 (0.74–2.52) | 2.76 (1.22–6.25) | 0.018 |
¶
Number of inflammatory markers in the top quartile according to the distribution of cytokine soluble receptor concentrations among the controls.
N indicates number of case-control pairs included in the analysis.
†
Base analysis was matched on age, ethnicity, blood draw date, controlled for BMI, self-reported health, physical activity, parental history of hip fracture, history of fracture, smoking, alcohol use, NSAID use, treated diabetes, RA, corticosteroid use, and total calcium and vitamin D intake.
§
Controlled for base analysis, physical function, total number of falls, bioavailable estradiol and testosterone, SHBG, Cystatin-C, PINP, CTx, and 25(OH)D.