Table 2.
Individual variables conditional logistic regression with the child entering public care
| Exposure of interest | Cases n = 147 |
Controls n = 538 |
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence interval) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal mental illness | 75 (51%) | 132 (25%) | 3.42 (2.29-5.11) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal depression | 52 (35%) | 92 (17%) | 2.76 (1.81-4.21) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal referral to psychiatry | 43 (28%) | 58 (11%) | 3.71 (2.29-6.01) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal prescription of anxiolytic | 29 (20%) | 24 (4%) | 5.49 (3.00-10.1) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal psychosis | 12 (8%) | 6 (1%) | 7.41 (2.78-19.8) | < 0.001 |
| Concern about maternal psychological health | 31 (21%) | 55 (10%) | 2.43 (1.46-4.04) | 0.001 |
| Maternal drug misuse | 7 (5%) | 1 (0.2%) | 27.1 (3.33-220) | 0.002 |
| Maternal over dose referral | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.002* |
| Maternal alcohol misuse | 6 (4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 23.1 (2.78-192) | 0.004 |
| Maternal visit to A + E | 17 (12%) | 29 (5%) | 2.39 (1.27-4.52) | 0.007 |
| Maternal smoking | 33 (22%) | 76 (14%) | 1.88 (1.17-3.03) | 0.009 |
| Maternal admission to hospital | 6 (4%) | 4 (0.7%) | 6.42 (1.59-25.9) | 0.009 |
| Relationship issues in maternal file | 5 (3%) | 4 (0.7%) | 4.69 (1.26-17.5) | 0.021 |
| Maternal contraception | 41 (28%) | 198 (37%) | 0.64 (0.43-0.97) | 0.035 |
| Child mental illness | 34 (23%) | 43 (8%) | 3.87 (2.29-6.53) | < 0.001 |
| Child behavioural issues | 19 (13%) | 18 (3%) | 4.80 (2.35-9.82) | < 0.001 |
| Child maltreatment | 20 (14%) | 0 (0%) | - | < 0.001* |
| Child admission to hospital | 12 (8%) | 12 (2%) | 3.83 (1.68-8.72) | 0.001 |
| Child referral to A + E | 16 (11%) | 25 (5%) | 2.74 (1.37-5.52) | 0.005 |
| Any non attendance at primary or secondary care | 57 (39%) | 101 (19%) | 2.95 (1.93-4.52) | < 0.001 |
| Any social service input | 31 (21%) | 4 (0.6%) | 55.8 (13.3-233) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal age 15-19 years old | 13 (9%) | 28 (5%) | 2.63 (1.24-5.59) | 0.012 |
| Maternal age 20-24 years old | 41 (28%) | 117 (22%) | 2.34 (1.39-3.94) | 0.001 |
| Maternal age 25-29 years old | 30 (20%) | 197 (37%) | 1.00 | - |
| Maternal age 30-34 years old | 30 (20%) | 142 (26%) | 1.35 (0.78-2.34) | 0.282 |
| Maternal age 35-39 years old | 15 (10%) | 39 (7%) | 2.74 (1.33-5.67) | 0.007 |
| Maternal age 40-44 years old | 14 (10%) | 13 (2%) | 6.97 (2.92-16.6) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal age 45-49 years old | 4 (3%) | 2 (0.4%) | 18.8 (1.64-158) | 0.017 |
| SES quintile 1 | 15 (10%) | 131 (23%) | 1.00 | |
| SES quintile 2 | 18 (12%) | 104 (19%) | 1.71 (0.80-3.67) | 0.163 |
| SES quintile 3 | 32 (22%) | 94 (17%) | 3.38 (1.69-6.77) | 0.001 |
| SES quintile 4 | 41 (28%) | 119 (22%) | 3.92 (1.98-7.73) | < 0.001 |
| SES quintile 5 | 41 (28%) | 90 (17%) | 6.51 (3.09-13.7) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal smoking cessation | 3 (2%) | 8 (1%) | 1.29 (0.34-4.89) | 0.71 |
| Maternal sexually transmitted infection | 1 (0.7%) | 19 (4%) | 0.19 (0.03-1.47) | 0.11 |
| Maternal termination of pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 6 (1%) | 1.28 (0.26-6.37) | 0.760 |
| Maternal referral to Orthopaedics | 17 (11%) | 38 (7%) | 1.74 (0.95-3.20) | 0.075 |
| Sentinel conditions for maternal trauma | 5 (3%) | 14 (3%) | 1.37 (0.49-3.88) | 0.55 |
| Domestic abuse | 7 (5%) | 18 (3%) | 1.53 (0.62-3.75) | 0.354 |
| Maternal learning difficulties | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.2* |
| Maternal bipolar disorder | 2 (1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 8.00 (0.73-88.2) | 0.09 |
| Sentinel conditions for maternal drug misuse | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 4.00 (0.25-64.0) | 0.33 |
| Sentinel conditions for alcohol misuse | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.2* |
| Child with scabies | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.7%) | - | 0.409* |
| Child with head lice | 9 (6%) | 28 (5%) | 1.35 (0.58-3.11) | 0.485 |
| Child health surveillance codes | 13 (9%) | 55 (10%) | 0.79 (0.33-1.92) | 0.604 |
| Ethnicity in maternal file | 0 (0%) | 5 (1%) | - | 0.328* |
| Child developmental delay | 4 (3%) | 12 (2%) | 1.29 (0.39-4.21) | 0.678 |
| Child immunisation data incomplete | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.4%) | 2.45 (0.14-42.6) | 0.539 |
| Immunisation refused | 2 (1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 7.29 (0.66-80.8) | 0.105 |
| Child referrals to orthopaedics | 1 (0.7%) | 7 (1%) | 0.52 (0.06-4.31) | 0.551 |
| Other child referrals to secondary care | 18 (12%) | 54 (10%) | 1.27 (0.70-2.29) | 0.428 |
| Sentinel conditions for child trauma | 3 (2%) | 8 (1%) | 1.26 (0.33-4.77) | 0.738 |
| Sentinel conditions for child head injury | 2 (1%) | 11 (2%) | 0.68 (0.15-3.16) | 0.627 |
| Sentinel codes for child burn | 3 (2%) | 2 (0.4%) | 5.36 (0.89-32.2) | 0.067 |
| Child smoking | 2 (1%) | 4 (0.7%) | 2.93 (0.35-10.4) | 0.458 |
| Child contraception | 4 (3%) | 7 (1%) | 2.93 (0.62-13.9) | 0.174 |
| Child pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 4 (0.7%) | 4.45 (0.32-62.7) | 0.269 |
| Relationship issues in child file | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 4.00 (0.25-64.0) | 0.333 |
| Antidepressant prescribed to child | 3 (2%) | 3 (0.6%) | 5.04 (0.82-31.0) | 0.081 |
| Hypnotic prescribed to child | 8 (5%) | 19 (4%) | 1.63 (0.68-3.91) | 0.271 |
| Child ADHD treatment | 3 (2%) | 3 (0.6%) | 3.40 (0.68-17.1) | 0.137 |
| Child alcohol concern | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.4%) | 2.00 (0.18-22.1) | 0.571 |
| Child drug misuse | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.2* |
| Health Visitor involvement | 4 (3%) | 5 (1%) | 8.64 (0.90-83.0) | 0.062 |
| Any nursing input | 4 (3%) | 8 (1%) | 2.36 (0.56-10.0) | 0.243 |
| Financial issues | 3 (2%) | 5(1%) | 2.23 (0.53-9.35) | 0.273 |
The variables with no odds ratio have a zero score on one of the 2 by 2 table fields and cannot be computed by this method, we assigned a p value for these variables using an exact form of McNemar's Test