Fig. 4.

The effect of pomegranate juice on the syncytiotrophoblasts under hypoxic conditions. A: diagram of pomegranate juice treatment and hypoxia exposure for the primary human trophoblasts. The trophoblasts were pretreated with pomegranate juice (1%, vol/vol) or glucose (7.5 mM) for 24 h before exposure to hypoxia for up to 24 h. B: top, Western blots of cl-Parp and cl-Cyt 18 in syncytiotrophoblasts under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h with pomegranate juice compared with glucose. Middle and bottom, summary graphs of densitometry of cl-Parp and cl-Cyt 18 expression, n = 3. *P < 0.05, 2-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post hoc test. C: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analysis of syncytiotrophoblasts with pomegranate juice compared with control under hypoxia. Media from these cultures were collected and assayed for leakage of LDH, a marker of cell death, n = 3. *P < 0.05, 2-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post hoc test.