Table 4.
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension | |
---|---|
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with: (i) Connective tissue diseases (ii) Congenital heart diseases (iii) Portopulmonary hypertension (iv) HIV infection |
|
| |
Left heart disease: (i) Systolic and diastolic dysfunction (ii) Valvular heart disease |
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| |
Primary lung diseases and/or chronic hypoxia (i) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ii) Interstitial lung disease (iii) Sleep-disordered breathing |
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| |
Chronic thromboembolism |