Fig. 2.

EtOH attenuates leucine-induced changes in the phosphorylation of mTOR, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) and 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1). C2C12 myocytes were incubated with EtOH and/or Leu as described in Fig. 1. Equal amounts of protein from cell lysates were analyzed via Western blotting using antibodies against phosphorylated and total forms of the indicated proteins (A). The protein levels were quantified as bar graphs (B–D). Results were normalized to total cell lysate protein and are expressed as percentage of control levels. Each bar graph represents the mean ± SE of 4–5 independent experiments consisting of 3–4 replicate samples per experiment (n = 12–20). Groups with different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). Groups with the same letters are not significantly different. mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.