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. 2012 May 16;2012:589160. doi: 10.1155/2012/589160

Table 1.

Preclinical publications concerning focal laser ablation.

Reference
Year
Type of preclinical model Wavelength
Type of laser source
Energy (Joules)
Power (Watt)
Time (seconds)
Type of imagery control Delay between procedure and histopathologic examination Dimension of thermal necrosis Conclusions
Johnson et al. 1994 [2] Dog (x9) 1064 nm
(Neodymium YAG)
3000 J
10 W
300 sec
No imagery control 3 hours to 35 days 13–20 × 17–25 mm
(median: 15 × 23 mm)
Immediate coagulation > 60°C
Progressive coagulation 42–60°C
Peters et al. 2000 [3] Dog (x2) 830 nm (diode laser) 449–751 J
10–15 W
180–300 sec
1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry)
4 hours and 24 hours 120–260 mm3 Feasibility of MRI guidance and thermal monitoring
Fuentes et al. 2009 [4] Dog (x2) 980 nm
(diode laser)
450 J
5 W
90 s
1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage, HSP production and cell viability planification)
immediately after >12 × 12 × 12 mm Good correlation between cellular damage
planification and histopathology
Stafford et al. 2010 [5] Dog (x7)
5 without tumour
2 with orthotopic tumour
980 nm
(diode laser)
462–3460 J
4–14.3 W
40–524 s
1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage planification)
immediately after 12.4–26.7 × 11.4–15.5 mm
(median: 19–13.7 mm)
Accuracy of MRI template guidance
Excellent correlation of planification with histopathology
Colin et al.
Marqa et al. 2011 [6, 7]
Rat (x10)
with heterotopic tumour
980 nm
(diode laser)
375 J
5 W
75 s
7.0 T MRI control
(cellular damage planification)
48 hours 923–1125 mm3
(median: 974 mm3)
Reproducibility for one level of energy
Good correlation of planification and histopathology
Fuentes et al. 2009 [4] Ex vivo canine prostate in 1% agar gel 980 nm
(diode laser)
240 J
8 W
30 s
1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage planification)
MRI calibration for in vivo experiments
Lindner et al. 2010 [10] Gelatine phantom
With tumor target of 5 cm3
980 nm
(diode laser)
1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry)
ultrasonography
CT scan
Fluoroptic temperature probes
MRI, US, CTS
compatible phantom
Good correlation between MRI and fluoroptic thermometry
Woodrum et al. 2010 [11] Cadavers (x5)
3 fixed in Formaldehyde
2 fresh
980 nm
(diode laser)
1800–3600 J
15–30 W
120 s
3.0 T MRI control (thermometry and cellular damage planification) 22–27 × 23–28 mm Feasibility of transperineal 3.0 T MRI guidance and real-time control