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. 2012 May 16;2012:589160. doi: 10.1155/2012/589160

Table 2.

Clinical trials concerning focal laser ablation of prostate cancer.

Reference
Year
Number of patients Wavelength
Type of laser source
Number of fibers Energy (Joules)
Power (Watt)
Time (seconds)
Type of real-time imagery control Adverse events Visible dimension of thermal necrosis Carcinologic results or conclusions
Amin et al.
1994 [12]
1 patient 805 nm (Diomed diode laser) 3 3000 J
2 W
500 sec
US
and CT scan
Mild dysuria Unknown Feasibility of FLA
Biopsies at 10 days: necrotic tissue in targeted area, cancer cells in other areas
Atri et al. 2009 [13]
Lindner et al. 2009 [14]
12 patients 830 nm
(Indigo diode laser)
1 or 2 2880 J
2–15 W
(temperature control at 100°C) 720 sec
CEUS
and fluoroptic temperature probes
7-day follow-up 1.5T MRI
Perineal discomfort (3 patients)
Mild hematuria (2 patients)
Hematospermia
(2 patients)
Fatigue (1 patient)
300–4000 mm3 Biopsies at 6 months:
67% of patients free of tumour in the targeted area
50% of patients free of disease
Raz et al. 2010 [15] 2 patients 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) ≥2 Unknown 3D 1.5 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification)
and CEUS just after procedure
15-day follow-up 1.5T MRI
No adverse event Unknown Feasibility of immediately repeated therapy
Lindner et al. 2010 [8, 9] 4 patients 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) 2 or 3 3260–5900 J CEUS
and fluoroptic temperature probes
7-day 1.5T MRI control followed by radical prostatectomy
Not described 2500–4500 mm3 Strong correlation between MRI findings and vital stain histopathology images (Pearson's correlation index = 0.89)
Lindner et al. 2011 [16] 2 patients 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) Unknown Unknown 3D robotic 1.5 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification) Improvement of IPSS score (1 patient)
No change of IIEF-5 score
8700–9300 mm3 Safe and precise robotic guidance of laser fiber
Possible oblique insertion angles to provide adequate dose
Woodrum et al. 2011 [17] 1 patient with local recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) 2 Unknown 3 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification) No change of potency or continence Unknown Feasibility of FLA for local recurrence of prostate cancer