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Effect of injected drugs and submergence on mean heart rate of muskrats (±SEM; N = 5) in the free diving tank. Pre-dive heart rate, diving heart rate, and post-dive heart rate are shown for saline-, atropine-, propranolol-, nadolol-, and phentolamine-treated muskrats. *Indicates that diving heart rate differs significantly from diving heart rate in saline-treated animals (Adapted with permission from Signore and Jones, 1995).
