Table 2.
Natural Products of Rhizosphere Fungi
| fungal straina | plant host(s) (family)a | culture conditions | natural product(s)c | biological activity | refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspergillus cervinus (Trichocomaceae) | Anicasanthus thurberi (Torr.) Gray (Acanthaceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 28 days | penicillic acid (18a) 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydropenicillic acid (18b)* 4R,5S*-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylcyclohex-2-enone (78a)* |
selectively cytotoxic | 85 |
| Aspergillus flavipes (Trichocomaceae) | Ericameria laricifolia Nutt. (Asteraceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 28 days | aspochalasin I (107a)* aspochalasin J (107b)* aspochalasin K (108a)* aspochalasin E (108b) aspochalasin C (109a) aspochalasin D (109b) TMC-169 (109c) |
weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic weakly cytotoxic |
86 |
| Aspergillus terreus (Trichocomaceae) | Brickellia sp. (Asteraceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 30 days | α,β-dehydrocurvularin (29b) 11-hydroxycurvularin (29c) 11-methoxycurvularin (29d) |
cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor Selectively cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor |
85 |
| Aspergillus terreus (Trichocomaceae) | Opuntia versicolor Engelm. (Cactaceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 30 days | betulinan (–)-quadrone (55) (+)-terrecyclic acid A (56a) (+)-5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxyterrecyclic acid A (56b)* (+)-5,6-dihydro-6-methoxy-terrecyclic acid A(56c)* asterriquinone C-1 (100b) asterriquinone D (100a) asterredione (102)* |
moderately cytotoxic moderately cytotoxic cytotoxic; cell cycle inhibitor; induction of heat shock response; NF-kB inhibitor moderately cytotoxic moderately cytotoxic moderately cytotoxic moderately cytotoxic moderately cytotoxic |
87 |
| Aspergillus terreus (Trichocomaceae) | Ambrosia ambrosoides (Cav.) Payne (Asteraceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 28 days | terrefuranone (81)* Na-acetylaszonalemin (LL-S490β) (93) terrequinone A (101)* |
moderately cytotoxic | 85 |
| Aspergillus wentii (Trichocomaceae) | Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville (Zygophyllaceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 28 days | penicillic acid (18b) | selectively cytotoxic | 85 |
| Chaetomium globosum (Chaetomiaceae) | Opuntia leptocaulis DC. (Cactaceae) | globosuxanthone A (38)* globosuxanthone B (39a)* globosuxanthone C (39b)* hydroxyvertixanthone (39c) |
cytotoxic | 88 | |
| Paraphaeosphaeria quadriseptata (Montagnulaceae) | Opuntia leptocaulis DC. (Cactaceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 28 days | monocillin I (30a) paraphaeosphaerin A (33a)* paraphaeosphaerin B (33b)* paraphaeosphaerin C (33c)* aposphaerin C (36)* eugenetin (35a) 7-methoxymethyleugenin (35b) 6-hydroxymethyleugenin (35c) |
cytotoxic; Hsp90 inhibitor | 89 |
| Penicillium sp. strain AH-00-89-F6 (Trichocomaceae) | Fallugia paradoxa D. Don (Rosaceae) | PDA; 27 °C; 30 days | α,β-dehydrocurvularin (29b) 11-hydroxycurvularin (29c) 11-methoxycurvularin (29d) 1,3-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxyanthraquinone (40b)* 1,3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-methoxyanthraquinone (40c) |
cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor selectively cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor cytotoxic; antimitotic; weak Hsp90 inhibitor |
85, 90 |
a
Taxonomic data are from reference(s) listed and/or from the NCBI Entrez Taxonomy database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/), and ref. 103.
bFor details of media used for cultivation, see reference(s) listed: PDA = potato-dextrose-agar.
c
New natural products are indicated with an asterisk (*).