Table 1.

Characteristics of hospitalized patients with AKI

Characteristic	AKI (n = 4,365)	No AKI (n = 14,884)	p value AKI vs. no AKI
Age, years	56.8 ± 16.9	54.6 ± 17.7	<0.001
Males	2,230 (51.9)	7,650 (51.4)	0.60
Race/ethnicity			<0.001
White	2,529 (57.9)	9,613 (64.6)
Black	1,729 (39.6)	4,962 (33.3)
Other	99 (2.3)	276 (1.9)
Unknown	8 (0.2)	33 (0.2)
Baseline eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2	1,555 (35.6)	2,752 (18.5)	<0.001
Admission source			<0.001
Emergency department	2,370 (54.3)	8,957 (60.2)
Other	1,995 (45.7)	5,927 (39.8)
Admitted to ICU	163 (3.7)	336 (2.3)	<0.001
Any hospital days in ICU	1,824 (41.8)	3,294 (22.1)	<0.001
sCr measurements
Number of sCr	8 (5–15)	4 (3–7)	<0.001
Baseline sCr, mg/dl	1.6 ± 2.0	1.0 ± 0.8	<0.001
Peak sCr, mg/dl	2.4 ± 2.4	1.1 ± 0.8	<0.001
Maximum sCr increase, mg/dl	0.8 ± 1.0	0.1 ± 0.1	<0.001
Time to peak sCr, days	2.7 (1.4–5.6)	1.2 (0.6–2.4)	<0.001
Hospital length of stay, days	7 (4–13)	4 (2–7)	<0.001
Hospital mortality	470 (10.8)	223 (1.5)	<0.001

Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). ICU = Intensive care unit.

AKI based upon AKIN criteria and defined as (a) an sCr increase of ≥0.3 mg/dl from baseline, (b) an sCr increase to ≥150% of baseline, or (c) the initiation of dialysis [7].

Baseline sCr is defined as the lowest of the first three sCr measurements. Baseline eGFR calculated from baseline sCr using the CKD-EPI equation [13].