Table 1.

Characteristics of 201 patients with CKD and 201 controls

Variables	CKD patients (n = 201)	Non-CKD controls (n = 201)	p value for difference
Age, years	55.9 ± 9.9	52.5 ± 10.0	0.0007
Males, %	55.2	45.3	0.056
Blacks, %	60.7	51.2	0.06
High school education, %	58.5	81.6	<0.0001
Current cigarette smoking, %	53.7	48.8	0.32
Weekly alcohol drinking, %	27.9	59.2	<0.0001
BMI	32.2 ± 87.8	28.9 ± 6.4	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	132.2 ± 21.0	122.0 ± 14.7	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	77.2 ± 13.5	77.6 ± 9.4	0.77
Plasma glucose, mg/dl	119.9 ± 46.7	103.4 ± 35.4	<0.0001
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl	103.3 ± 45.9	118.2 ± 30.2	<0.0001
History of CVD, %	43.7	7.0	<0.0001
History of hypertension, %	88.1	23.9	<0.0001
History of diabetes, %	49.3	5.5	<0.0001
History of hypercholesterolemia, %	65.7	30.9	<0.0001
Creatinine, mg/dl	2.0 ± 1.1	0.9 ± 0.2	<0.0001
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2	43.3 ± 19.9	96.7 ± 16.8	<0.0001
Urinary albumin, mg/24 ha	74.5 (12.3–417.4)	5.9 (4.1–11.4)	<0.0001
Plasma endostatin, ng/dla	265.8 (189.6–363.3)	119.1 (102.7–136.1)	<0.0001

^aMedian (interquartile range).