TABLE 1.

Histological Assessment of Pancreatic Edema, Inflammation, Vacuolization, and Apoptosis at 1 Hour

		Saline		TPN
	Oral	Vehicle	Cerulein	Vehicle	Cerulein
Edema	0.56 ± 0.24*†	0.00 ± 0†	1.73 ± 0.27‡	0.18 ± 0.12†	1.17 ± 0.34*‡
Inflammation	0.11 ± 0.11*	0.29 ± 0.18*	1.13 ± 0.40‡	0.13 ± 0.12*	0.67 ± 0.33*‡
Vacuolization	0.00 ± 0†	0.00 ± 0†	2.38 ± 0.18‡	0.00 ± 0†	1.83 ± 0.40*
Apoptosis	0.67 ± 0.24*‡	0.14 ± 0.14*	1.25 ± 0.37‡	0.00 ± 0*	1.17 ± 0.60‡
Total	1.33 ± 0.29†	0.38 ± 0.18†	6.73 ± 0.65‡	0.45 ± 0.25†	5.08 ± 0.70*

Edema:

0: Absent

1: Mild, diffuse expansion of interlobar septa

2: Moderate, diffuse expansion interacinar septa

3: Severe, diffuse expansion intercellular septa

Inflammation:

0: Absent

1: 1–5 leukocytes per 10 HPF

2: 6–10 leukocytes per 10 HPF

3: >10 leukocytes per 10 HPF

Vacuolization:

0: Absent

1: Mild/focal

2: Moderate/diffuse

3: Severe

Apoptosis:

0: Absent

1: 1–4 apoptotic cells per 10 HPF

2: 5–10 apoptotic cells per 10 HPF

3: >10 apoptotic cells per 10 HPF

Total parenteral nutrition attenuates cerulein-induced pancreatic edema, inflammation, and vacuolization at 1 hour. Values are expressed as mean ± SE; n = 6 to 9 animals per group. The mean values in a row with different symbols are significantly different by 1-way ANOVA.

Adapted from Rongione et al.²⁴