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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Mar 7;46(6):3220–3227. doi: 10.1021/es204430f

Table 1.

Environmental and Biological Simulant Fluids

Simulant fluids Components pH
Nitric acid (positive control) 1 M HNO3 0.16
Dilute peroxide (mild oxidant) 1 mM H2O2 5.81
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 8.01 g/L NaCl, 0.20 g/L KCl, 1.44 g/L Na2HPO4,
0.24 g/L KH2PO4 		7.38
Gastric acid22 2 g/L NaCl, 7 mL/L 37% HCl, 3.2 g/L pepsin 1.12
Toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure extraction fluid #1
(TCLP)*23 		5.7 mL/L glacial acetic acid and 2.572g/L NaOH 4.93
Moderately hard reconstituted
water (MHRW)24 		0.096 g/L NaHCO3, 0.06 g/L CaSO4•2H2O,
0.06 g/L MgSO4, 0.004 g/L KCl		 8.02
Humic acid (SHA) 20 mg/L humic acid in MHRW 7.71
Fulvic acid (SFA) 20 mg/L fulvic acid in MHRW 7.47
*

TCLP standard extraction procedure was not used