Table 2.
Cytokine levels and receiver-operating characteristic analysis of individual cytokines to discriminate acute rejectors in the training cohort
| Cytokine | Median Cytokine Levels (25th–75th Percentile) (pg/ml) | P Valuea | ROC Analysis (n=32) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Rejectors (n=16) | Nonrejectors (n=16) | AUC (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Training cohort | |||||
| TNF-α | 192.0 (60.5–2052.6) | 32.4 (14.9–56.0) | 0.001 | 0.86 (0.72–1.00) | 0.001 |
| IL-1β | 376.0 (32.5–1995.3) | 11.5 (4.1–27.8) | 0.003 | 0.81 (0.65–0.97) | 0.003 |
| IL-6 | 9120.7 (148.1–11831.8) | 122.3 (26.9–493.9) | 0.005 | 0.79 (0.63–0.95) | 0.005 |
| IL-4 | 1.5 (1.5–2.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 0.006 | 0.76 (0.59–0.93) | 0.01 |
| MCP-1 | 9069.6 (7605.7–9712.2) | 8008.1 (1090.3–8467.1) | 0.03 | 0.73 (0.55–0.91) | 0.03 |
| GM-CSF | 9.0 (4.4–157.5) | 4.3 (1.5–7.9) | 0.03 | 0.73 (0.55–0.90) | 0.03 |
| IL-7 | 4.1 (3.0–5.6) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.03 | 0.69 (0.50–0.88) | 0.07 |
| IL-10 | 99.8 (1.5–537.9) | 6.8 (2.1–32.1) | 0.11 | 0.67 (0.46–0.87) | 0.11 |
| IL-8 | 12,000.0 (11,251.8–12,000.0) | 10,959.6 (86,52.1–12,000.0) | 0.12 | 0.65 (0.46–0.85) | 0.14 |
| IFN-γ | 1.2 (1.0– 8.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.18 | 0.62 (0.43–0.82) | 0.23 |
| IL-13 | 1.8 (1.0–4.9) | 1.0 (1.0–3.1) | 0.20 | 0.62 (0.42–0.82) | 0.24 |
| IL1-Ra | 3598.0 (491.6–8604.7) | 2177.6 (131.6–4997.0) | 0.39 | 0.59 (0.39–0.79) | 0.39 |
| IL-2 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.27 | 0.57 (0.37–0.77) | 0.52 |
| IL-12(p40) | 1.0 (1.0–2.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.35 | 0.57 (0.36–0.77) | 0.52 |
| IL-17 | 1.0 (1.0–2.6) | 1.0 (1.0–1.4) | 0.48 | 0.56 (0.36–0.77) | 0.55 |
| IL-5 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.15 | 0.56 (0.36–0.76) | 0.55 |
| IL-9 | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.32 | 0.53 (0.33–0.73) | 0.76 |
| IL-15 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.72 | 0.52 (0.32–0.73) | 0.82 |
| VEGF | 7.8 (3.0–65.8) | 3.3 (3.0–79.8) | 0.97 | 0.50 (0.30–0.71) | 0.97 |
| IP10 | 242.9 (40.9–1875.0) | 292.7 (86.7–950.4) | 0.99 | 0.50 (0.30–0.71) | 0.99 |
| IL-12(p70) | 1.0 (1.0–1.8) | 1.0 (1.0–2.8) | 0.60 | 0.46 (0.25–0.66) | 0.68 |
| Validation cohort | |||||
| IL-6 | 507.0 (211.4–2918.7) | 70.1 (19.1–174.7) | 0.001 | 0.85 (0.71–0.99) | 0.001 |
| TNF-α | 57.4 (37.0–77.8) | 20.8 (15.3–31.9) | 0.02 | 0.75 (0.55–0.95) | 0.02 |
| MCP-1 | 7106.5 (6523.0–8738.3) | 5728.5 (1048.2–6905.6) | 0.03 | 0.73 (0.53–0.92) | 0.03 |
| IL-1β | 34.6 (20.1–178.9) | 7.8 (4.6–49.4) | 0.04 | 0.72 (0.54–0.89) | 0.04 |
| GM-CSF | 11.6 (6.7–30.6) | 6.8 (5.5–10.4) | 0.06 | 0.70 (0.50–0.90) | 0.06 |
| IL-4 | 1.0 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.38 | 0.56 (0.35–0.77) | 0.56 |
ROC, receiver-operating characteristic; AUC, area under ROC curve; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
a
Comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test.